{ "document": { "category": "csaf_base", "csaf_version": "2.0", "distribution": { "tlp": { "label": "WHITE" } }, "lang": "en", "notes": [ { "category": "legal_disclaimer", "text": "The Netherlands Cyber Security Center (henceforth: NCSC-NL) maintains this portal to enhance access to its information and vulnerabilities. The use of this information is subject to the following terms and conditions:\n\nThe vulnerabilities disclosed in this portal are gathered by NCSC-NL from a variety of open sources, which the user can retrieve from other platforms. NCSC-NL makes every reasonable effort to ensure that the content of this portal is kept up to date, and that it is accurate and complete. Nevertheless, NCSC-NL cannot entirely rule out the possibility of errors, and therefore cannot give any warranty in respect of its completeness, accuracy or real-time keeping up-to-date. NCSC-NL does not control nor guarantee the accuracy, relevance, timeliness or completeness of information obtained from these external sources. The vulnerabilities disclosed in this portal are intended solely for the convenience of professional parties to take appropriate measures to manage the risks posed to the cybersecurity. No rights can be derived from the information provided therein.\n\nNCSC-NL and the Kingdom of the Netherlands assume no legal liability or responsibility for any damage resulting from either the use or inability of use of the vulnerabilities disclosed in this portal. This includes damage resulting from the inaccuracy of incompleteness of the information contained in it.\nThe information on this page is subject to Dutch law. All disputes related to or arising from the use of this portal regarding the disclosure of vulnerabilities will be submitted to the competent court in The Hague. This choice of means also applies to the court in summary proceedings." } ], "publisher": { "category": "coordinator", "contact_details": "cert@ncsc.nl", "name": "National Cyber Security Centre", "namespace": "https://www.ncsc.nl/" }, "title": "CVE-2025-45691", "tracking": { "current_release_date": "2026-04-01T01:22:11.092708Z", "generator": { "date": "2026-02-17T15:00:00Z", "engine": { "name": "V.E.L.M.A", "version": "1.7" } }, "id": "CVE-2025-45691", "initial_release_date": "2025-08-26T04:28:15.553250Z", "revision_history": [ { "date": "2025-08-26T04:28:15.553250Z", "number": "1", "summary": "NCSC Score created." }, { "date": "2026-03-05T18:38:40.817541Z", "number": "2", "summary": "Source created.| CVE status created. (valid)| Description created for source.| References created (4)." }, { "date": "2026-03-05T18:38:51.836288Z", "number": "3", "summary": "NCSC Score updated." }, { "date": "2026-03-05T19:28:05.150366Z", "number": "4", "summary": "Source created.| CVE status created. (valid)| Description created for source.| References created (4)." }, { "date": "2026-03-06T10:24:48.326956Z", "number": "5", "summary": "CVSS created.| CWES updated (1)." }, { "date": "2026-03-06T10:24:53.844903Z", "number": "6", "summary": "NCSC Score updated." }, { "date": "2026-03-06T10:38:51.447684Z", "number": "7", "summary": "CVSS created.| CWES updated (1).| Unknown change." }, { "date": "2026-03-06T10:38:53.156352Z", "number": "8", "summary": "NCSC Score updated." }, { "date": "2026-03-06T22:21:23.698388Z", "number": "9", "summary": "Source created.| CVE status created. (valid)| EPSS created." }, { "date": "2026-03-06T22:39:35.469742Z", "number": "10", "summary": "Source created.| CVE status created. (valid)| Description created for source.| CVSS created.| References created (7).| CWES updated (1)." }, { "date": "2026-03-07T00:27:35.177803Z", "number": "11", "summary": "Source created.| CVE status created. (valid)| Description created for source.| CVSS created.| Products connected (3).| Product Identifiers created (1).| Product Remediations created (3).| References created (6).| CWES updated (1).| Vendor_assessment created." }, { "date": "2026-03-07T00:27:37.563654Z", "number": "12", "summary": "NCSC Score updated." }, { "date": "2026-03-07T00:35:56.490706Z", "number": "13", "summary": "Source created.| CVE status created. (valid)| Description created for source.| CVSS created.| Products created (14).| Product Identifiers created (13).| References created (6).| CWES updated (1)." }, { "date": "2026-03-07T00:36:02.400123Z", "number": "14", "summary": "NCSC Score updated." }, { "date": "2026-03-10T21:25:29.546967Z", "number": "15", "summary": "Products created (1).| Product Identifiers created (1).| Exploits created (3)." }, { "date": "2026-03-10T21:25:33.947959Z", "number": "16", "summary": "NCSC Score updated." }, { "date": "2026-03-20T08:47:02.225183Z", "number": "17", "summary": "Source connected.| CVE status created. (valid)| EPSS created." }, { "date": "2026-03-20T08:47:06.723822Z", "number": "18", "summary": "NCSC Score updated." }, { "date": "2026-03-31T09:53:49.058527Z", "number": "19", "summary": "NCSC Score updated." } ], "status": "interim", "version": "19" } }, "product_tree": { "branches": [ { "branches": [ { "branches": [ { "category": "product_version_range", "name": "vers:rpm/unknown", "product": { "name": "vers:rpm/unknown", "product_id": "CSAFPID-1439279", "product_identification_helper": { "cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai" } } } ], "category": "product_name", "name": "Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI)" }, { "branches": [ { "branches": [ { "category": "product_version_range", "name": "vers:rpm/unknown", "product": { "name": "vers:rpm/unknown", "product_id": "CSAFPID-3112099" } } ], "category": "product_name", "name": "odh-llama-stack-core-rhel9" }, { "branches": [ { "category": "product_version_range", "name": "vers:rpm/unknown", "product": { "name": "vers:rpm/unknown", "product_id": "CSAFPID-5207375" } } ], "category": "product_name", "name": "odh-trustyai-ragas-lls-provider-dsp-rhel9" } ], "category": "product_family", "name": "Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI)" } ], "category": "vendor", "name": "Red Hat" }, { "branches": [ { "branches": [ { "category": "product_version_range", "name": "vers:unknown/0.2.10", "product": { "name": "vers:unknown/0.2.10", "product_id": "CSAFPID-5768403", "product_identification_helper": { "purl": "pkg:pypi/ragas@0.2.10" } } }, { "category": "product_version_range", "name": "vers:unknown/0.2.11", "product": { "name": "vers:unknown/0.2.11", "product_id": "CSAFPID-5768404", "product_identification_helper": { "purl": "pkg:pypi/ragas@0.2.11" } } }, { "category": "product_version_range", "name": "vers:unknown/0.2.12", "product": { "name": "vers:unknown/0.2.12", "product_id": "CSAFPID-5768405", "product_identification_helper": { "purl": "pkg:pypi/ragas@0.2.12" } } }, { "category": "product_version_range", "name": "vers:unknown/0.2.13", "product": { "name": "vers:unknown/0.2.13", "product_id": "CSAFPID-5768406", "product_identification_helper": { "purl": "pkg:pypi/ragas@0.2.13" } } }, { "category": "product_version_range", "name": "vers:unknown/0.2.14", "product": { "name": "vers:unknown/0.2.14", "product_id": "CSAFPID-5768407", "product_identification_helper": { "purl": "pkg:pypi/ragas@0.2.14" } } }, { "category": "product_version_range", "name": "vers:unknown/0.2.15", "product": { "name": "vers:unknown/0.2.15", "product_id": "CSAFPID-5768408", "product_identification_helper": { "purl": "pkg:pypi/ragas@0.2.15" } } }, { "category": "product_version_range", "name": "vers:unknown/0.2.3", "product": { "name": "vers:unknown/0.2.3", "product_id": "CSAFPID-5768409", "product_identification_helper": { "purl": "pkg:pypi/ragas@0.2.3" } } }, { "category": "product_version_range", "name": "vers:unknown/0.2.4", "product": { "name": "vers:unknown/0.2.4", "product_id": "CSAFPID-5768410", "product_identification_helper": { "purl": "pkg:pypi/ragas@0.2.4" } } }, { "category": "product_version_range", "name": "vers:unknown/0.2.5", "product": { "name": "vers:unknown/0.2.5", "product_id": "CSAFPID-5768411", "product_identification_helper": { "purl": "pkg:pypi/ragas@0.2.5" } } }, { "category": "product_version_range", "name": "vers:unknown/0.2.6", "product": { "name": "vers:unknown/0.2.6", "product_id": "CSAFPID-5768412", "product_identification_helper": { "purl": "pkg:pypi/ragas@0.2.6" } } }, { "category": "product_version_range", "name": "vers:unknown/0.2.7", "product": { "name": "vers:unknown/0.2.7", "product_id": "CSAFPID-5768413", "product_identification_helper": { "purl": "pkg:pypi/ragas@0.2.7" } } }, { "category": "product_version_range", "name": "vers:unknown/0.2.8", "product": { "name": "vers:unknown/0.2.8", "product_id": "CSAFPID-5768414", "product_identification_helper": { "purl": "pkg:pypi/ragas@0.2.8" } } }, { "category": "product_version_range", "name": "vers:unknown/0.2.9", "product": { "name": "vers:unknown/0.2.9", "product_id": "CSAFPID-5768415", "product_identification_helper": { "purl": "pkg:pypi/ragas@0.2.9" } } }, { "category": "product_version_range", "name": "vers:unknown/>=0.2.3|<0.3.0-rc1", "product": { "name": "vers:unknown/>=0.2.3|<0.3.0-rc1", "product_id": "CSAFPID-5768416" } }, { "category": "product_version_range", "name": "vers:unknown/>=0.2.3|<=0.2.14", "product": { "name": "vers:unknown/>=0.2.3|<=0.2.14", "product_id": "CSAFPID-5778669", "product_identification_helper": { "cpe": "cpe:2.3:a:vibrantlabsai:ragas:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*" } } } ], "category": "product_name", "name": "ragas" } ], "category": "vendor", "name": "vibrantlabsai" } ] }, "vulnerabilities": [ { "cve": "CVE-2025-45691", "cwe": { "id": "CWE-22", "name": "Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')" }, "notes": [ { "category": "description", "text": "An Arbitrary File Read vulnerability exists in the ImageTextPromptValue class in Exploding Gradients RAGAS v0.2.3 to v0.2.14. The vulnerability stems from improper validation and sanitization of URLs supplied in the retrieved_contexts parameter when handling multimodal inputs.", "title": "cveprojectv5 - https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-45691" }, { "category": "description", "text": "An Arbitrary File Read vulnerability exists in the ImageTextPromptValue class in Exploding Gradients RAGAS v0.2.3 to v0.2.14. The vulnerability stems from improper validation and sanitization of URLs supplied in the retrieved_contexts parameter when handling multimodal inputs.", "title": "nvd - https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-45691" }, { "category": "description", "text": "An Arbitrary File Read vulnerability exists in the ImageTextPromptValue class in Exploding Gradients RAGAS v0.2.3 to v0.2.14. The vulnerability stems from improper validation and sanitization of URLs supplied in the retrieved_contexts parameter when handling multimodal inputs.", "title": "github - https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-v2xr-wvrv-p969" }, { "category": "description", "text": "An Arbitrary File Read vulnerability exists in the ImageTextPromptValue class in Exploding Gradients RAGAS v0.2.3 to v0.2.14. The vulnerability stems from improper validation and sanitization of URLs supplied in the retrieved_contexts parameter when handling multimodal inputs.\nA flaw was found in Ragas. Improper validation of URLs supplied in the retrieved_contexts parameter when handling multimodal inputs leads to Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF). This vulnerability allows attackers to perform arbitrary file reads, conduct internal port scans and access cloud metadata.\nTo exploit this flaw, an attacker needs to supply malicious input to a Ragas evaluation pipeline, typically by poisoning a dataset or submitting payloads directly via an API. This issue allows arbitrary file reads, internal port scans and access to cloud metadata, but it does not cause memory corruption or arbitrary command execution. Due to these reasons, this vulnerability has been rated with an important severity.", "title": "redhat - https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-45691" }, { "category": "description", "text": "An Arbitrary File Read vulnerability exists in the ImageTextPromptValue class in Exploding Gradients RAGAS v0.2.3 to v0.2.14. The vulnerability stems from improper validation and sanitization of URLs supplied in the retrieved_contexts parameter when handling multimodal inputs.", "title": "osv - https://www.googleapis.com/download/storage/v1/b/osv-vulnerabilities/o/PyPI%2FGHSA-v2xr-wvrv-p969.json?alt=media" }, { "category": "other", "text": "0.0005", "title": "EPSS" }, { "category": "other", "text": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P", "title": "CVSSV4" }, { "category": "other", "text": "7.8", "title": "CVSSV4 base score" }, { "category": "other", "text": "3.4", "title": "NCSC Score" }, { "category": "other", "text": "There is exploit data available from source Nvd, There is product_remediation data available from source Redhat, There is cwe data available from source Nvd, Exploit code publicly available", "title": "NCSC Score top decreasing factors" }, { "category": "details", "text": "Severity: 3\n", "title": "Vendor assessment" } ], "product_status": { "known_affected": [ "CSAFPID-5768403", "CSAFPID-5768404", "CSAFPID-5768405", "CSAFPID-5768406", "CSAFPID-5768407", "CSAFPID-5768408", "CSAFPID-5768409", "CSAFPID-5768410", "CSAFPID-5768411", "CSAFPID-5768412", "CSAFPID-5768413", "CSAFPID-5768414", "CSAFPID-5768415", "CSAFPID-5768416", "CSAFPID-5778669" ], "known_not_affected": [ "CSAFPID-1439279", "CSAFPID-3112099", "CSAFPID-5207375" ] }, "references": [ { "category": "external", "summary": "Source - cveprojectv5", "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-45691" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Source raw - cveprojectv5", "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/main/cves/2025/45xxx/CVE-2025-45691.json" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Source - nvd", "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-45691" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Source raw - nvd", "url": "https://services.nvd.nist.gov/rest/json/cves/2.0?cveId=CVE-2025-45691" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Source - first", "url": "https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2025-45691" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Source raw - first", "url": "https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?limit=10000&offset=20000" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Source - github", "url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-v2xr-wvrv-p969" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Source raw - github", "url": "https://api.github.com/advisories/GHSA-v2xr-wvrv-p969" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Source - redhat", "url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-45691" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Source raw - redhat", "url": "https://access.redhat.com/hydra/rest/securitydata/cve/CVE-2025-45691.json" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Source - osv", "url": "https://www.googleapis.com/download/storage/v1/b/osv-vulnerabilities/o/PyPI%2FGHSA-v2xr-wvrv-p969.json?alt=media" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Source - first", "url": "https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?limit=10000&offset=20000" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - cveprojectv5; github; nvd; osv; redhat", "url": "https://adithyanak.com/ragas-v0214-arbitrary-file-read-vulnerability" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - cveprojectv5; github; nvd; osv; redhat", "url": "https://github.com/explodinggradients/ragas/pull/1559" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - cveprojectv5; github; nvd; osv; redhat", "url": "https://github.com/explodinggradients/ragas/blob/e97886ac976465efb60e5949c5d69baf30cc811d/src/ragas/prompt/multi_modal_prompt.py#L202" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - cveprojectv5; github; nvd; osv; redhat", "url": "https://github.com/vibrantlabsai/ragas/pull/1991" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - github; osv; redhat", "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-45691" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - github; osv", "url": "https://github.com/vibrantlabsai/ragas/commit/b28433709cbedbb531db79dadcfbdbd3aa6adcb0" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - github", "url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-v2xr-wvrv-p969" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - redhat", "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-45691" } ], "remediations": [ { "category": "mitigation", "details": "To mitigate this vulnerability, implement strict input validation to filter out malicious payloads before passing the retrieved_contexts parameter to the Ragas evaluation pipeline. Specifically, enforce an allowlist that only accepts http:// or https:// URLs, explicitly rejecting the file:// scheme. Additionally, ensure the account running the Ragas process operates with principle of least privilege, restricting access to sensitive system files.", "product_ids": [ "CSAFPID-1439279", "CSAFPID-3112099", "CSAFPID-5207375" ] } ], "scores": [ { "cvss_v3": { "version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N", "baseScore": 7.5, "baseSeverity": "HIGH" }, "products": [ "CSAFPID-5768403", "CSAFPID-5768404", "CSAFPID-5768405", "CSAFPID-5768406", "CSAFPID-5768407", "CSAFPID-5768408", "CSAFPID-5768409", "CSAFPID-5768410", "CSAFPID-5768411", "CSAFPID-5768412", "CSAFPID-5768413", "CSAFPID-5768414", "CSAFPID-5768415", "CSAFPID-5768416", "CSAFPID-5778669" ] } ], "title": "CVE-2025-45691" } ] }