{
    "document": {
        "category": "csaf_base",
        "csaf_version": "2.0",
        "distribution": {
            "tlp": {
                "label": "WHITE"
            }
        },
        "lang": "en",
        "notes": [
            {
                "category": "legal_disclaimer",
                "text": "The Netherlands Cyber Security Center (henceforth: NCSC-NL) maintains this portal to enhance access to its information and vulnerabilities. The use of this information is subject to the following terms and conditions:\n\nThe vulnerabilities disclosed in this portal are gathered by NCSC-NL from a variety of open sources, which the user can retrieve from other platforms. NCSC-NL makes every reasonable effort to ensure that the content of this portal is kept up to date, and that it is accurate and complete. Nevertheless, NCSC-NL cannot entirely rule out the possibility of errors, and therefore cannot give any warranty in respect of its completeness, accuracy or real-time keeping up-to-date. NCSC-NL does not control nor guarantee the accuracy, relevance, timeliness or completeness of information obtained from these external sources. The vulnerabilities disclosed in this portal are intended solely for the convenience of professional parties to take appropriate measures to manage the risks posed to the cybersecurity. No rights can be derived from the information provided therein.\n\nNCSC-NL and the Kingdom of the Netherlands assume no legal liability or responsibility for any damage resulting from either the use or inability of use of the vulnerabilities disclosed in this portal. This includes damage resulting from the inaccuracy of incompleteness of the information contained in it.\nThe information on this page is subject to Dutch law. All disputes related to or arising from the use of this portal regarding the disclosure of vulnerabilities will be submitted to the competent court in The Hague. This choice of means also applies to the court in summary proceedings."
            }
        ],
        "publisher": {
            "category": "coordinator",
            "contact_details": "cert@ncsc.nl",
            "name": "National Cyber Security Centre",
            "namespace": "https://www.ncsc.nl/"
        },
        "title": "CVE-2025-48543",
        "tracking": {
            "current_release_date": "2026-09-30T03:30:56.891801Z",
            "generator": {
                "date": "2026-02-17T15:00:00Z",
                "engine": {
                    "name": "V.E.L.M.A",
                    "version": "1.7"
                }
            },
            "id": "CVE-2025-48543",
            "initial_release_date": "2025-08-17T20:27:29.335039Z",
            "revision_history": [
                {
                    "date": "2025-08-17T20:27:29.335039Z",
                    "number": "1",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score created."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2025-09-02T18:03:05.927640Z",
                    "number": "2",
                    "summary": "Source connected.| Products created (1).| Exploitable created.| Vendor_assessment created."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2025-09-02T18:04:28.786850Z",
                    "number": "3",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2025-09-03T02:17:43.903044Z",
                    "number": "4",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2025-09-03T02:41:31.334260Z",
                    "number": "5",
                    "summary": "Source connected."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2025-09-03T02:41:32.664758Z",
                    "number": "6",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2025-09-03T02:41:43.100067Z",
                    "number": "7",
                    "summary": "Source connected."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2025-09-03T02:41:43.860531Z",
                    "number": "8",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2025-09-03T09:05:39.297877Z",
                    "number": "9",
                    "summary": "Source connected.| Products connected (4).| References created (3)."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2025-09-03T09:06:52.770104Z",
                    "number": "10",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2025-09-03T10:29:41.368969Z",
                    "number": "11",
                    "summary": "Source connected.| News created (1)."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2025-09-03T10:29:45.484906Z",
                    "number": "12",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2025-09-03T15:09:20.085145Z",
                    "number": "13",
                    "summary": "Source connected.| News created (1)."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2025-09-03T15:09:23.292934Z",
                    "number": "14",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2025-09-03T18:41:21.308639Z",
                    "number": "15",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2025-09-03T22:17:42.297007Z",
                    "number": "16",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2025-09-04T08:17:09.969797Z",
                    "number": "17",
                    "summary": "Source connected."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2025-09-04T08:30:31.435840Z",
                    "number": "18",
                    "summary": "Source created.| News created (1)."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2025-09-04T08:30:41.558505Z",
                    "number": "19",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2025-09-04T18:23:42.554924Z",
                    "number": "20",
                    "summary": "Source connected.| Description created for source.| Products created (1).| Exploits created (1).| References created (2)."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2025-09-04T18:24:37.674080Z",
                    "number": "21",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2025-09-04T19:31:35.044319Z",
                    "number": "22",
                    "summary": "Source created.| Description created for source.| CVSS created.| References created (2).| CWES updated (1)."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2025-09-04T19:38:41.065626Z",
                    "number": "23",
                    "summary": "Source created.| Description created for source.| CVSS created.| Products connected (4).| References created (2).| CWES updated (1)."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2025-09-04T20:07:33.406521Z",
                    "number": "24",
                    "summary": "Description removed for source.| Description created for source."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2025-09-04T22:28:05.759445Z",
                    "number": "25",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2025-09-05T14:25:49.035580Z",
                    "number": "26",
                    "summary": "Products connected (1).| Product Identifiers created (4).| Product Identifiers removed (3)."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2025-09-05T15:55:27.977085Z",
                    "number": "27",
                    "summary": "Source created.| EPSS created."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2025-09-15T08:07:19.806431Z",
                    "number": "28",
                    "summary": "Source connected.| Products connected (4).| References created (4)."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2025-09-18T06:45:04.636075Z",
                    "number": "29",
                    "summary": "Source connected.| Description created for source."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2025-09-24T15:08:54.641041Z",
                    "number": "30",
                    "summary": "EPSS updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2025-09-24T15:08:56.832124Z",
                    "number": "31",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2025-10-11T12:21:01.216319Z",
                    "number": "32",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2025-10-21T20:34:39.169296Z",
                    "number": "33",
                    "summary": "Product Identifiers created (4).| Product Identifiers removed (4)."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2025-10-21T20:34:42.417993Z",
                    "number": "34",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2025-10-21T22:30:05.117950Z",
                    "number": "35",
                    "summary": "Product Identifiers created (4).| Product Identifiers removed (4)."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2025-10-21T23:42:09.342295Z",
                    "number": "36",
                    "summary": "Product Identifiers created (4).| Product Identifiers removed (4).| References created (1)."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2025-10-22T00:32:34.564880Z",
                    "number": "37",
                    "summary": "References created (1)."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2025-10-23T15:27:51.055854Z",
                    "number": "38",
                    "summary": "Product Identifiers created (4).| Product Identifiers removed (4)."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2025-10-23T15:27:59.334144Z",
                    "number": "39",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2025-11-11T14:14:20.467496Z",
                    "number": "40",
                    "summary": "EPSS updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2025-11-11T14:14:26.517478Z",
                    "number": "41",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2025-11-18T14:29:33.823930Z",
                    "number": "42",
                    "summary": "EPSS updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2025-11-18T14:29:45.407455Z",
                    "number": "43",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2025-11-21T14:55:58.843027Z",
                    "number": "44",
                    "summary": "EPSS updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2025-11-21T14:56:06.002210Z",
                    "number": "45",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2025-12-02T17:58:34.341977Z",
                    "number": "46",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2025-12-04T12:21:31.678592Z",
                    "number": "47",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2025-12-06T14:15:46.755432Z",
                    "number": "48",
                    "summary": "EPSS updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2025-12-06T14:15:48.366668Z",
                    "number": "49",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2025-12-08T19:18:01.928495Z",
                    "number": "50",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-01-05T07:27:45.961116Z",
                    "number": "51",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-01-15T08:08:45.293051Z",
                    "number": "52",
                    "summary": "Manual regenerated (CSAFs rebuild product/vendor naming update)."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-03-19T18:41:24.294638Z",
                    "number": "53",
                    "summary": "Source connected.| CVE status created. (valid)| Description created for source.| Products connected (1).| Exploits created (1).| References created (2)."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-03-19T18:41:27.451259Z",
                    "number": "54",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-03-19T19:45:04.835964Z",
                    "number": "55",
                    "summary": "Source created.| CVE status created. (valid)| Description created for source.| CVSS created.| Products connected (4).| Product Identifiers created (4).| References created (3).| CWES updated (1)."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-03-19T19:45:13.632621Z",
                    "number": "56",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-03-20T08:34:43.010438Z",
                    "number": "57",
                    "summary": "Source connected.| CVE status created. (valid)| EPSS created."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-04-03T11:30:56.718240Z",
                    "number": "58",
                    "summary": "Source connected.| CVE status created. (valid)| News created (1)."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-04-03T11:31:09.715358Z",
                    "number": "59",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-04-11T05:38:49.044452Z",
                    "number": "60",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-04-17T17:16:16.805663Z",
                    "number": "61",
                    "summary": "Source connected.| CVE status created. (valid)| EPSS created."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-04-17T17:16:19.057316Z",
                    "number": "62",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-05-05T12:30:44.844013Z",
                    "number": "63",
                    "summary": "Source connected.| CVE status created. (valid)| News created (1)."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-05-05T12:30:51.902360Z",
                    "number": "64",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-05-05T22:18:21.801045Z",
                    "number": "65",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-06-06T00:32:49.236333Z",
                    "number": "66",
                    "summary": "Source connected.| CVE status created. (valid)| EPSS created."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-06-06T00:32:50.973299Z",
                    "number": "67",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-06-15T16:27:31.509803Z",
                    "number": "68",
                    "summary": "EPSS updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-06-15T16:27:35.290711Z",
                    "number": "69",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-07-17T14:04:43.739515Z",
                    "number": "70",
                    "summary": "Source connected.| CVE status created. (valid)| EPSS created."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-07-17T14:04:46.967366Z",
                    "number": "71",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-07-28T13:18:28.434234Z",
                    "number": "72",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-08-13T16:12:01.978758Z",
                    "number": "73",
                    "summary": "Source connected.| CVE status created. (valid)| EPSS created."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-08-13T16:12:46.372228Z",
                    "number": "74",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-09-02T10:55:41.717361Z",
                    "number": "75",
                    "summary": "EPSS updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-09-02T23:01:02.212009Z",
                    "number": "76",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-09-03T14:48:47.636776Z",
                    "number": "77",
                    "summary": "EPSS updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-09-03T19:13:12.395274Z",
                    "number": "78",
                    "summary": "EPSS updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-09-04T15:59:17.798245Z",
                    "number": "79",
                    "summary": "EPSS updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-09-04T15:59:19.122256Z",
                    "number": "80",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-09-05T15:56:03.100431Z",
                    "number": "81",
                    "summary": "EPSS updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-09-06T15:58:09.981200Z",
                    "number": "82",
                    "summary": "EPSS updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-09-07T16:00:22.857688Z",
                    "number": "83",
                    "summary": "EPSS updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-09-08T03:14:31.530490Z",
                    "number": "84",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-09-09T08:03:35.802224Z",
                    "number": "85",
                    "summary": "EPSS updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-09-09T16:12:49.594414Z",
                    "number": "86",
                    "summary": "EPSS updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-09-10T05:54:59.481041Z",
                    "number": "87",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-09-29T16:29:01.618359Z",
                    "number": "88",
                    "summary": "EPSS created.| Unknown change."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-09-29T18:07:39.798190Z",
                    "number": "89",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score updated."
                }
            ],
            "status": "interim",
            "version": "89"
        }
    },
    "product_tree": {
        "branches": [
            {
                "branches": [
                    {
                        "branches": [
                            {
                                "category": "product_version_range",
                                "name": "vers:unknown/13",
                                "product": {
                                    "name": "vers:unknown/13",
                                    "product_id": "CSAFPID-40399"
                                }
                            },
                            {
                                "category": "product_version_range",
                                "name": "vers:unknown/13 <2025-09-05",
                                "product": {
                                    "name": "vers:unknown/13 <2025-09-05",
                                    "product_id": "CSAFPID-3094337"
                                }
                            },
                            {
                                "category": "product_version_range",
                                "name": "vers:unknown/14",
                                "product": {
                                    "name": "vers:unknown/14",
                                    "product_id": "CSAFPID-40397"
                                }
                            },
                            {
                                "category": "product_version_range",
                                "name": "vers:unknown/14 <2025-09-05",
                                "product": {
                                    "name": "vers:unknown/14 <2025-09-05",
                                    "product_id": "CSAFPID-3094338"
                                }
                            },
                            {
                                "category": "product_version_range",
                                "name": "vers:unknown/15",
                                "product": {
                                    "name": "vers:unknown/15",
                                    "product_id": "CSAFPID-1141076"
                                }
                            },
                            {
                                "category": "product_version_range",
                                "name": "vers:unknown/15 <2025-09-05",
                                "product": {
                                    "name": "vers:unknown/15 <2025-09-05",
                                    "product_id": "CSAFPID-3094335"
                                }
                            },
                            {
                                "category": "product_version_range",
                                "name": "vers:unknown/16",
                                "product": {
                                    "name": "vers:unknown/16",
                                    "product_id": "CSAFPID-3097201"
                                }
                            },
                            {
                                "category": "product_version_range",
                                "name": "vers:unknown/16 <2025-09-05",
                                "product": {
                                    "name": "vers:unknown/16 <2025-09-05",
                                    "product_id": "CSAFPID-3094336"
                                }
                            }
                        ],
                        "category": "product_name",
                        "name": "Android"
                    },
                    {
                        "branches": [
                            {
                                "category": "product_version_range",
                                "name": "vers:unknown/13.0",
                                "product": {
                                    "name": "vers:unknown/13.0",
                                    "product_id": "CSAFPID-2026945",
                                    "product_identification_helper": {
                                        "cpe": "cpe:2.3:o:google:android:13.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
                                    }
                                }
                            },
                            {
                                "category": "product_version_range",
                                "name": "vers:unknown/14.0",
                                "product": {
                                    "name": "vers:unknown/14.0",
                                    "product_id": "CSAFPID-2111929",
                                    "product_identification_helper": {
                                        "cpe": "cpe:2.3:o:google:android:14.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
                                    }
                                }
                            },
                            {
                                "category": "product_version_range",
                                "name": "vers:unknown/15.0",
                                "product": {
                                    "name": "vers:unknown/15.0",
                                    "product_id": "CSAFPID-2473986",
                                    "product_identification_helper": {
                                        "cpe": "cpe:2.3:o:google:android:15.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
                                    }
                                }
                            },
                            {
                                "category": "product_version_range",
                                "name": "vers:unknown/16.0",
                                "product": {
                                    "name": "vers:unknown/16.0",
                                    "product_id": "CSAFPID-3104485",
                                    "product_identification_helper": {
                                        "cpe": "cpe:2.3:o:google:android:16.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
                                    }
                                }
                            },
                            {
                                "category": "product_version_range",
                                "name": "vers:unknown/unknown",
                                "product": {
                                    "name": "vers:unknown/unknown",
                                    "product_id": "CSAFPID-1989422",
                                    "product_identification_helper": {
                                        "cpe": "cpe:2.3:o:google:android:16.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        ],
                        "category": "product_name",
                        "name": "android"
                    }
                ],
                "category": "vendor",
                "name": "Google"
            },
            {
                "branches": [
                    {
                        "branches": [
                            {
                                "category": "product_version_range",
                                "name": "vers:unknown/13 <smr-sep-2025",
                                "product": {
                                    "name": "vers:unknown/13 <smr-sep-2025",
                                    "product_id": "CSAFPID-3094339"
                                }
                            },
                            {
                                "category": "product_version_range",
                                "name": "vers:unknown/14 <smr-sep-2025",
                                "product": {
                                    "name": "vers:unknown/14 <smr-sep-2025",
                                    "product_id": "CSAFPID-3094341"
                                }
                            },
                            {
                                "category": "product_version_range",
                                "name": "vers:unknown/15 <smr-sep-2025",
                                "product": {
                                    "name": "vers:unknown/15 <smr-sep-2025",
                                    "product_id": "CSAFPID-3094342"
                                }
                            },
                            {
                                "category": "product_version_range",
                                "name": "vers:unknown/16 <smr-sep-2025",
                                "product": {
                                    "name": "vers:unknown/16 <smr-sep-2025",
                                    "product_id": "CSAFPID-3094340"
                                }
                            }
                        ],
                        "category": "product_name",
                        "name": "Android"
                    }
                ],
                "category": "vendor",
                "name": "Samsung"
            },
            {
                "branches": [
                    {
                        "branches": [
                            {
                                "category": "product_version_range",
                                "name": "vers:android/>=13|<=16",
                                "product": {
                                    "name": "vers:android/>=13|<=16",
                                    "product_id": "CSAFPID-3092815"
                                }
                            }
                        ],
                        "category": "product_name",
                        "name": "Android Runtime"
                    },
                    {
                        "branches": [
                            {
                                "category": "product_version_range",
                                "name": "vers:unknown/unknown",
                                "product": {
                                    "name": "vers:unknown/unknown",
                                    "product_id": "CSAFPID-3097179"
                                }
                            }
                        ],
                        "category": "product_name",
                        "name": "Runtime"
                    }
                ],
                "category": "vendor",
                "name": "Android"
            }
        ]
    },
    "vulnerabilities": [
        {
            "cve": "CVE-2025-48543",
            "cwe": {
                "id": "CWE-416",
                "name": "Use After Free"
            },
            "notes": [
                {
                    "category": "description",
                    "text": "In multiple locations, there is a possible way to escape chrome sandbox to attack android system_server due to a use after free. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.",
                    "title": "nvd - https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-48543"
                },
                {
                    "category": "description",
                    "text": "Android Runtime contains a use-after-free vulnerability potentially allowing a chrome sandbox escape leading to local privilege escalation.\nApply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.",
                    "title": "cisagov - https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog"
                },
                {
                    "category": "description",
                    "text": "Google Patches for the following CVEs from Android Security Bulletin are applied in this Security Maintenance Release - September 25 Package. High",
                    "title": "samsung - https://security.samsungmobile.com//securityUpdate.smsb"
                },
                {
                    "category": "description",
                    "text": "Android Runtime contains a use-after-free vulnerability potentially allowing a chrome sandbox escape leading to local privilege escalation.\nApply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.",
                    "title": "cisagov - https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/feeds/known_exploited_vulnerabilities.json"
                },
                {
                    "category": "description",
                    "text": "In multiple locations, there is a possible way to escape chrome sandbox to attack android system_server due to a use after free. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.",
                    "title": "nvd - https://services.nvd.nist.gov/rest/json/cves/2.0?cveId=CVE-2025-48543"
                },
                {
                    "category": "description",
                    "text": "In multiple locations, there is a possible way to escape chrome sandbox to attack android system_server due to a use after free. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.",
                    "title": "cveprojectv5 - https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-48543"
                },
                {
                    "category": "other",
                    "text": "0.00543",
                    "title": "EPSS"
                },
                {
                    "category": "other",
                    "text": "7.0",
                    "title": "NCSC Score"
                },
                {
                    "category": "other",
                    "text": "There is product data available from source Certbundde, There is cvss data available from a private source, Is related to (a version of) product Android, There is news data available from source Bleepingcomputer, There is product data available from a private source, There is product data available from source Android",
                    "title": "NCSC Score top increasing factors"
                },
                {
                    "category": "other",
                    "text": "Is related to a product by vendor Samsung, Is related to (a version of) an uncommon product",
                    "title": "NCSC Score top decreasing factors"
                },
                {
                    "category": "details",
                    "text": "Severity: 3\n",
                    "title": "Vendor assessment"
                }
            ],
            "product_status": {
                "known_affected": [
                    "CSAFPID-3092815",
                    "CSAFPID-3094335",
                    "CSAFPID-3094336",
                    "CSAFPID-3094337",
                    "CSAFPID-3094338",
                    "CSAFPID-3097179",
                    "CSAFPID-1989422",
                    "CSAFPID-3094339",
                    "CSAFPID-3094340",
                    "CSAFPID-3094341",
                    "CSAFPID-3094342",
                    "CSAFPID-2026945",
                    "CSAFPID-2111929",
                    "CSAFPID-2473986",
                    "CSAFPID-3104485",
                    "CSAFPID-40399",
                    "CSAFPID-40397",
                    "CSAFPID-1141076",
                    "CSAFPID-3097201"
                ]
            },
            "references": [
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Source - android",
                    "url": "https://source.android.com/docs/security/bulletin/2025-09-01"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Source - hkcert",
                    "url": "https://www.hkcert.org/security-bulletin/android-multiple-vulnerabilities_20250903"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Source - hkcert",
                    "url": "https://www.hkcert.org/security-bulletin/samsung-products-multiple-vulnerabilities_20250903"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Source - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://wid.cert-bund.de/.well-known/csaf/white/2025/wid-sec-w-2025-1944.json"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Source - securitynl",
                    "url": "https://www.security.nl/posting/903435/Google+dicht+twee+actief+aangevallen+kwetsbaarheden+in+Android?channel=rss"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Source - bleepingcomputer",
                    "url": "https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/google-fixes-actively-exploited-android-flaws-in-september-update/"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Source - ncscclear",
                    "url": "https://advisories.ncsc.nl/advisory?id=NCSC-2025-0273"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Source - securityweek",
                    "url": "https://www.securityweek.com/two-exploited-vulnerabilities-patched-in-android/"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Source - cisagov",
                    "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Source - nvd",
                    "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-48543"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Source - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://wid.cert-bund.de/.well-known/csaf/white/2025/wid-sec-w-2025-1943.json"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Source - samsung",
                    "url": "https://security.samsungmobile.com//securityUpdate.smsb"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Source - first",
                    "url": "https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Source - cisagov",
                    "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/feeds/known_exploited_vulnerabilities.json"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Source - nvd",
                    "url": "https://services.nvd.nist.gov/rest/json/cves/2.0?cveId=CVE-2025-48543"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Source - securityweek",
                    "url": "https://www.securityweek.com/mobile-attack-surface-expands-as-enterprises-lose-control/"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Source - securityweek",
                    "url": "https://www.securityweek.com/critical-remote-code-execution-vulnerability-patched-in-android-2/"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Source - ncscclear",
                    "url": "https://vulnerabilities.ncsc.nl/manual/CVE-2025-48543"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Source - cveprojectv5",
                    "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-48543"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "News - securitynl",
                    "url": "https://www.security.nl/posting/903435/Google+dicht+twee+actief+aangevallen+kwetsbaarheden+in+Android?channel=rss"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "News - bleepingcomputer",
                    "url": "https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/google-fixes-actively-exploited-android-flaws-in-september-update/"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "News - securityweek",
                    "url": "https://www.securityweek.com/two-exploited-vulnerabilities-patched-in-android/"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "News - securityweek",
                    "url": "https://www.securityweek.com/mobile-attack-surface-expands-as-enterprises-lose-control/"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "News - securityweek",
                    "url": "https://www.securityweek.com/critical-remote-code-execution-vulnerability-patched-in-android-2/"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - cisagov",
                    "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-48543"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde; cisagov",
                    "url": "https://source.android.com/docs/security/bulletin/2025-09-01"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://wid.cert-bund.de/.well-known/csaf/white/2025/wid-sec-w-2025-1944.json"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://wid.cert-bund.de/portal/wid/securityadvisory?name=WID-SEC-2025-1944"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://security.samsungmobile.com/securityUpdate.smsb"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://thehackernews.com/2025/09/samsung-fixes-critical-zero-day-cve.html"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://wid.cert-bund.de/.well-known/csaf/white/2025/wid-sec-w-2025-1943.json"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://wid.cert-bund.de/portal/wid/securityadvisory?name=WID-SEC-2025-1943"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - cveprojectv5; nvd",
                    "url": "https://android.googlesource.com/platform/art/+/444fc40dfb04d2ec5f74c443ed3a4dd45d3131f2"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - cveprojectv5; nvd",
                    "url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2025-09-01"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - cveprojectv5; nvd",
                    "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-48543"
                }
            ],
            "scores": [
                {
                    "cvss_v3": {
                        "version": "3.1",
                        "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
                        "baseScore": 8.8,
                        "baseSeverity": "HIGH"
                    },
                    "products": [
                        "CSAFPID-1141076",
                        "CSAFPID-1989422",
                        "CSAFPID-2026945",
                        "CSAFPID-2111929",
                        "CSAFPID-2473986",
                        "CSAFPID-3092815",
                        "CSAFPID-3094335",
                        "CSAFPID-3094336",
                        "CSAFPID-3094337",
                        "CSAFPID-3094338",
                        "CSAFPID-3094339",
                        "CSAFPID-3094340",
                        "CSAFPID-3094341",
                        "CSAFPID-3094342",
                        "CSAFPID-3097179",
                        "CSAFPID-3097201",
                        "CSAFPID-3104485",
                        "CSAFPID-40397",
                        "CSAFPID-40399"
                    ]
                }
            ],
            "threats": [
                {
                    "category": "exploit_status",
                    "details": "exploited"
                }
            ],
            "title": "CVE-2025-48543"
        }
    ]
}