{
    "document": {
        "category": "csaf_base",
        "csaf_version": "2.0",
        "distribution": {
            "tlp": {
                "label": "WHITE"
            }
        },
        "lang": "en",
        "notes": [
            {
                "category": "legal_disclaimer",
                "text": "The Netherlands Cyber Security Center (henceforth: NCSC-NL) maintains this portal to enhance access to its information and vulnerabilities. The use of this information is subject to the following terms and conditions:\n\nThe vulnerabilities disclosed in this portal are gathered by NCSC-NL from a variety of open sources, which the user can retrieve from other platforms. NCSC-NL makes every reasonable effort to ensure that the content of this portal is kept up to date, and that it is accurate and complete. Nevertheless, NCSC-NL cannot entirely rule out the possibility of errors, and therefore cannot give any warranty in respect of its completeness, accuracy or real-time keeping up-to-date. NCSC-NL does not control nor guarantee the accuracy, relevance, timeliness or completeness of information obtained from these external sources. The vulnerabilities disclosed in this portal are intended solely for the convenience of professional parties to take appropriate measures to manage the risks posed to the cybersecurity. No rights can be derived from the information provided therein.\n\nNCSC-NL and the Kingdom of the Netherlands assume no legal liability or responsibility for any damage resulting from either the use or inability of use of the vulnerabilities disclosed in this portal. This includes damage resulting from the inaccuracy of incompleteness of the information contained in it.\nThe information on this page is subject to Dutch law. All disputes related to or arising from the use of this portal regarding the disclosure of vulnerabilities will be submitted to the competent court in The Hague. This choice of means also applies to the court in summary proceedings."
            }
        ],
        "publisher": {
            "category": "coordinator",
            "contact_details": "cert@ncsc.nl",
            "name": "National Cyber Security Centre",
            "namespace": "https://www.ncsc.nl/"
        },
        "title": "CVE-2025-64166",
        "tracking": {
            "current_release_date": "2026-03-28T03:06:59.725379Z",
            "generator": {
                "date": "2026-02-17T15:00:00Z",
                "engine": {
                    "name": "V.E.L.M.A",
                    "version": "1.7"
                }
            },
            "id": "CVE-2025-64166",
            "initial_release_date": "2026-03-05T16:27:04.837935Z",
            "revision_history": [
                {
                    "date": "2026-03-05T16:27:04.837935Z",
                    "number": "1",
                    "summary": "CVE created.| Source created.| CVE status created. (valid)| Description created for source.| CVSS created.| References created (3).| CWES updated (1)."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-03-05T16:27:10.224828Z",
                    "number": "2",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score created."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-03-05T16:39:01.532732Z",
                    "number": "3",
                    "summary": "Source created.| CVE status created. (valid)| Description created for source.| CVSS created.| Products created (1).| References created (3).| CWES updated (1)."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-03-05T16:39:03.373718Z",
                    "number": "4",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-03-05T18:39:17.908105Z",
                    "number": "5",
                    "summary": "Unknown change."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-03-05T18:41:06.939723Z",
                    "number": "6",
                    "summary": "Source created.| CVE status created. (valid)| Description created for source.| CVSS created.| References created (4).| CWES updated (1)."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-03-05T18:41:10.565969Z",
                    "number": "7",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-03-05T21:40:06.434956Z",
                    "number": "8",
                    "summary": "References created (1)."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-03-06T00:21:14.708175Z",
                    "number": "9",
                    "summary": "Source created.| CVE status created. (valid)| Description created for source.| CVSS created.| Products created (1).| References created (4).| CWES updated (1)."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-03-06T15:34:57.214341Z",
                    "number": "10",
                    "summary": "Source created.| CVE status created. (valid)| EPSS created."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-03-06T15:35:05.156614Z",
                    "number": "11",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-03-13T18:24:50.129065Z",
                    "number": "12",
                    "summary": "Products created (1).| Product Identifiers created (1).| Exploits created (1)."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-03-13T18:24:53.232816Z",
                    "number": "13",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-03-19T20:31:32.191361Z",
                    "number": "14",
                    "summary": "Source connected.| CVE status created. (valid)| EPSS created."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-03-19T20:31:34.376777Z",
                    "number": "15",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score updated."
                }
            ],
            "status": "interim",
            "version": "15"
        }
    },
    "product_tree": {
        "branches": [
            {
                "branches": [
                    {
                        "branches": [
                            {
                                "category": "product_version_range",
                                "name": "vers:unknown/<16.4.0",
                                "product": {
                                    "name": "vers:unknown/<16.4.0",
                                    "product_id": "CSAFPID-5815328",
                                    "product_identification_helper": {
                                        "cpe": "cpe:2.3:a:mercurius_project:mercurius:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*"
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        ],
                        "category": "product_name",
                        "name": "Mercurius"
                    }
                ],
                "category": "vendor",
                "name": "Mercurius Project"
            },
            {
                "branches": [
                    {
                        "branches": [
                            {
                                "category": "product_version_range",
                                "name": "vers:unknown/<16.4.0",
                                "product": {
                                    "name": "vers:unknown/<16.4.0",
                                    "product_id": "CSAFPID-5762371"
                                }
                            },
                            {
                                "category": "product_version_range",
                                "name": "vers:unknown/>=0|<16.4.0",
                                "product": {
                                    "name": "vers:unknown/>=0|<16.4.0",
                                    "product_id": "CSAFPID-5764101"
                                }
                            }
                        ],
                        "category": "product_name",
                        "name": "mercurius"
                    }
                ],
                "category": "vendor",
                "name": "mercurius-js"
            }
        ]
    },
    "vulnerabilities": [
        {
            "cve": "CVE-2025-64166",
            "cwe": {
                "id": "CWE-352",
                "name": "Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)"
            },
            "notes": [
                {
                    "category": "description",
                    "text": "Mercurius is a GraphQL adapter for Fastify. Prior to version 16.4.0, a cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability was identified. The issue arises from incorrect parsing of the Content-Type header in requests. Specifically, requests with Content-Type values such as application/x-www-form-urlencoded, multipart/form-data, or text/plain could be misinterpreted as application/json. This misinterpretation bypasses the preflight checks performed by the fetch() API, potentially allowing unauthorized actions to be performed on behalf of an authenticated user. This issue has been patched in version 16.4.0.",
                    "title": "nvd - https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-64166"
                },
                {
                    "category": "description",
                    "text": "Mercurius is a GraphQL adapter for Fastify. Prior to version 16.4.0, a cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability was identified. The issue arises from incorrect parsing of the Content-Type header in requests. Specifically, requests with Content-Type values such as application/x-www-form-urlencoded, multipart/form-data, or text/plain could be misinterpreted as application/json. This misinterpretation bypasses the preflight checks performed by the fetch() API, potentially allowing unauthorized actions to be performed on behalf of an authenticated user. This issue has been patched in version 16.4.0.",
                    "title": "cveprojectv5 - https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-64166"
                },
                {
                    "category": "description",
                    "text": "### Summary\n\nA Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability was identified in Mercurius versions 16. The issue arises from incorrect parsing of the `Content-Type` header in requests. Specifically, requests with `Content-Type` values such as `application/x-www-form-urlencoded`, `multipart/form-data`, or `text/plain` could be misinterpreted as `application/json`. This misinterpretation bypasses the preflight checks performed by the `fetch()` API, potentially allowing unauthorized actions to be performed on behalf of an authenticated user.\n\n---\n\n### Impact\n\nAn attacker could exploit this vulnerability by crafting a malicious request with a `Content-Type` that Fastify incorrectly parses as `application/json`. When such a request is made from a different origin, it bypasses the Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS) protections, leading to a potential CSRF attack. This could result in unauthorized actions being performed on behalf of an authenticated user without their consent.\n\n---\n\n### Proof of Concept\n\n```javascript\n// Server-side Fastify setup\nconst Fastify = require('fastify');\nconst mercurius = require('mercurius');\n\nconst app = Fastify();\nconst schema = `\n  type Query {\n    hello(name: String): String\n  }\n`;\n\nconst resolvers = {\n  Query: {\n    hello: (_, { name }) => `Hello ${name || 'World'}!`\n  }\n};\n\napp.register(mercurius, { schema, resolvers });\n\napp.listen(3000, () => {\n  console.log('Server listening on http://localhost:3000');\n});\n```\n\n```javascript\n// Malicious client-side code\nfetch('http://localhost:3000/graphql', {\n  method: 'POST',\n  body: JSON.stringify({ query: '{ hello(name: \"attacker\") }' }),\n  headers: {\n    'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'\n  },\n  credentials: 'include'\n});\n```\n\nIn the above example, the malicious request is crafted to exploit the CSRF vulnerability by using a `Content-Type` that Fastify incorrectly parses as `application/json`.\n\n---\n\n### Mitigation\n\nTo address this vulnerability, CSRF protection has been implemented.\n\n## References\n\n* https://github.com/mercurius-js/mercurius/pull/1187",
                    "title": "github - https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-v66j-6wwf-jc57"
                },
                {
                    "category": "description",
                    "text": "### Summary\n\nA Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability was identified in Mercurius versions 16. The issue arises from incorrect parsing of the `Content-Type` header in requests. Specifically, requests with `Content-Type` values such as `application/x-www-form-urlencoded`, `multipart/form-data`, or `text/plain` could be misinterpreted as `application/json`. This misinterpretation bypasses the preflight checks performed by the `fetch()` API, potentially allowing unauthorized actions to be performed on behalf of an authenticated user.\n\n---\n\n### Impact\n\nAn attacker could exploit this vulnerability by crafting a malicious request with a `Content-Type` that Fastify incorrectly parses as `application/json`. When such a request is made from a different origin, it bypasses the Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS) protections, leading to a potential CSRF attack. This could result in unauthorized actions being performed on behalf of an authenticated user without their consent.\n\n---\n\n### Proof of Concept\n\n```javascript\n// Server-side Fastify setup\nconst Fastify = require('fastify');\nconst mercurius = require('mercurius');\n\nconst app = Fastify();\nconst schema = `\n  type Query {\n    hello(name: String): String\n  }\n`;\n\nconst resolvers = {\n  Query: {\n    hello: (_, { name }) => `Hello ${name || 'World'}!`\n  }\n};\n\napp.register(mercurius, { schema, resolvers });\n\napp.listen(3000, () => {\n  console.log('Server listening on http://localhost:3000');\n});\n```\n\n```javascript\n// Malicious client-side code\nfetch('http://localhost:3000/graphql', {\n  method: 'POST',\n  body: JSON.stringify({ query: '{ hello(name: \"attacker\") }' }),\n  headers: {\n    'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'\n  },\n  credentials: 'include'\n});\n```\n\nIn the above example, the malicious request is crafted to exploit the CSRF vulnerability by using a `Content-Type` that Fastify incorrectly parses as `application/json`.\n\n---\n\n### Mitigation\n\nTo address this vulnerability, CSRF protection has been implemented.\n\n## References\n\n* https://github.com/mercurius-js/mercurius/pull/1187",
                    "title": "osv - https://www.googleapis.com/download/storage/v1/b/osv-vulnerabilities/o/npm%2FGHSA-v66j-6wwf-jc57.json?alt=media"
                },
                {
                    "category": "other",
                    "text": "4e-05",
                    "title": "EPSS"
                },
                {
                    "category": "other",
                    "text": "3.7",
                    "title": "NCSC Score"
                },
                {
                    "category": "other",
                    "text": "There is exploit data available from source Nvd, Is related to (a version of) an uncommon product, Is related to CWE-352 (Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF))",
                    "title": "NCSC Score top decreasing factors"
                }
            ],
            "product_status": {
                "known_affected": [
                    "CSAFPID-5762371",
                    "CSAFPID-5764101",
                    "CSAFPID-5815328"
                ]
            },
            "references": [
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Source - nvd",
                    "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-64166"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Source raw - nvd",
                    "url": "https://services.nvd.nist.gov/rest/json/cves/2.0?cveId=CVE-2025-64166"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Source - cveprojectv5",
                    "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-64166"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Source raw - cveprojectv5",
                    "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/main/cves/2025/64xxx/CVE-2025-64166.json"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Source - github",
                    "url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-v66j-6wwf-jc57"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Source raw - github",
                    "url": "https://api.github.com/advisories/GHSA-v66j-6wwf-jc57"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Source - osv",
                    "url": "https://www.googleapis.com/download/storage/v1/b/osv-vulnerabilities/o/npm%2FGHSA-v66j-6wwf-jc57.json?alt=media"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Source - first",
                    "url": "https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2025-64166"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Source raw - first",
                    "url": "https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?limit=10000&offset=10000"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Source - first",
                    "url": "https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?limit=10000&offset=10000"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - cveprojectv5; github; nvd; osv",
                    "url": "https://github.com/mercurius-js/mercurius/commit/962d402ec7a92342f4a1b7f5f04af01776838c3c"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - cveprojectv5; github; nvd; osv",
                    "url": "https://github.com/mercurius-js/mercurius/pull/1187"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - cveprojectv5; github; nvd; osv",
                    "url": "https://github.com/mercurius-js/mercurius/security/advisories/GHSA-v66j-6wwf-jc57"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - github",
                    "url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-v66j-6wwf-jc57"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - github; osv",
                    "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-64166"
                }
            ],
            "scores": [
                {
                    "cvss_v3": {
                        "version": "3.1",
                        "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
                        "baseScore": 5.4,
                        "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM"
                    },
                    "products": [
                        "CSAFPID-5762371",
                        "CSAFPID-5764101",
                        "CSAFPID-5815328"
                    ]
                }
            ],
            "title": "CVE-2025-64166"
        }
    ]
}