{
    "document": {
        "category": "csaf_base",
        "csaf_version": "2.0",
        "distribution": {
            "tlp": {
                "label": "WHITE"
            }
        },
        "lang": "en",
        "notes": [
            {
                "category": "legal_disclaimer",
                "text": "The Netherlands Cyber Security Center (henceforth: NCSC-NL) maintains this portal to enhance access to its information and vulnerabilities. The use of this information is subject to the following terms and conditions:\n\nThe vulnerabilities disclosed in this portal are gathered by NCSC-NL from a variety of open sources, which the user can retrieve from other platforms. NCSC-NL makes every reasonable effort to ensure that the content of this portal is kept up to date, and that it is accurate and complete. Nevertheless, NCSC-NL cannot entirely rule out the possibility of errors, and therefore cannot give any warranty in respect of its completeness, accuracy or real-time keeping up-to-date. NCSC-NL does not control nor guarantee the accuracy, relevance, timeliness or completeness of information obtained from these external sources. The vulnerabilities disclosed in this portal are intended solely for the convenience of professional parties to take appropriate measures to manage the risks posed to the cybersecurity. No rights can be derived from the information provided therein.\n\nNCSC-NL and the Kingdom of the Netherlands assume no legal liability or responsibility for any damage resulting from either the use or inability of use of the vulnerabilities disclosed in this portal. This includes damage resulting from the inaccuracy of incompleteness of the information contained in it.\nThe information on this page is subject to Dutch law. All disputes related to or arising from the use of this portal regarding the disclosure of vulnerabilities will be submitted to the competent court in The Hague. This choice of means also applies to the court in summary proceedings."
            }
        ],
        "publisher": {
            "category": "coordinator",
            "contact_details": "cert@ncsc.nl",
            "name": "National Cyber Security Centre",
            "namespace": "https://www.ncsc.nl/"
        },
        "title": "CVE-2026-10645",
        "tracking": {
            "current_release_date": "2026-09-06T15:02:35.763981Z",
            "generator": {
                "date": "2026-02-17T15:00:00Z",
                "engine": {
                    "name": "V.E.L.M.A",
                    "version": "1.7"
                }
            },
            "id": "CVE-2026-10645",
            "initial_release_date": "2026-06-23T01:02:07.356187Z",
            "revision_history": [
                {
                    "date": "2026-06-23T01:02:07.356187Z",
                    "number": "1",
                    "summary": "CVE created.| Source created.| CVE status created. (valid)| Description created for source.| CVSS created.| Products created (1).| References created (1).| CWES updated (1)."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-06-23T01:02:16.889019Z",
                    "number": "2",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score created."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-06-23T04:40:59.289822Z",
                    "number": "3",
                    "summary": "Source created.| CVE status created. (valid)| Description created for source.| CVSS created.| References created (1).| CWES updated (1)."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-06-23T04:41:03.816129Z",
                    "number": "4",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-06-23T07:35:16.428743Z",
                    "number": "5",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-06-23T13:39:29.247130Z",
                    "number": "6",
                    "summary": "Unknown change."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-06-23T13:39:31.210446Z",
                    "number": "7",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-06-24T00:00:46.468628Z",
                    "number": "8",
                    "summary": "Source connected.| CVE status created. (valid)| EPSS created."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-06-24T00:00:52.010599Z",
                    "number": "9",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-06-24T02:29:22.435411Z",
                    "number": "10",
                    "summary": "Source created.| CVE status created. (valid)| Description created for source.| CVSS created.| Products connected (18).| Product Identifiers created (11).| References created (3)."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-06-24T02:29:25.776326Z",
                    "number": "11",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-07-06T20:26:34.550218Z",
                    "number": "12",
                    "summary": "Products connected (1).| Product Identifiers created (1).| Exploits created (1)."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-07-06T20:26:39.935075Z",
                    "number": "13",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-07-08T14:02:07.499640Z",
                    "number": "14",
                    "summary": "Source created.| CVE status created. (valid)| Description created for source.| CVSS created.| Products created (8).| Products connected (148).| References created (3).| CWES updated (1)."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-07-08T14:54:50.248020Z",
                    "number": "15",
                    "summary": "CVSS updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-07-08T14:54:55.115051Z",
                    "number": "16",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-07-10T15:41:47.648027Z",
                    "number": "17",
                    "summary": "Source connected.| CVE status created. (valid)| EPSS created."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-07-10T15:41:50.295818Z",
                    "number": "18",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-07-14T20:04:26.486105Z",
                    "number": "19",
                    "summary": "Description removed for source.| Description created for source.| Products created (1).| Products removed (1).| References created (1)."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-07-14T20:04:37.854155Z",
                    "number": "20",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-07-14T20:18:24.178948Z",
                    "number": "21",
                    "summary": "Description removed for source.| Description created for source.| References created (1)."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-07-15T09:06:36.813293Z",
                    "number": "22",
                    "summary": "Description removed for source.| Description created for source.| Products removed (127).| References created (1)."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-08-11T15:11:53.383360Z",
                    "number": "23",
                    "summary": "Source connected.| CVE status created. (valid)| EPSS created."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-08-11T15:13:07.256631Z",
                    "number": "24",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-09-02T10:45:46.405888Z",
                    "number": "25",
                    "summary": "EPSS updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-09-02T23:34:59.479169Z",
                    "number": "26",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-09-03T14:38:16.658626Z",
                    "number": "27",
                    "summary": "EPSS updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-09-03T19:01:41.915345Z",
                    "number": "28",
                    "summary": "EPSS updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-09-04T15:47:42.380667Z",
                    "number": "29",
                    "summary": "EPSS updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-09-05T03:59:21.360735Z",
                    "number": "30",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-09-05T15:45:34.908040Z",
                    "number": "31",
                    "summary": "EPSS updated."
                }
            ],
            "status": "interim",
            "version": "31"
        }
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                                "category": "product_version_range",
                                "name": "vers:unknown/<=4.4.1",
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                                    "name": "vers:unknown/<=4.4.1",
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                        ],
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                            {
                                "category": "product_version_range",
                                "name": "vers:unknown/v4.3.0-rc1",
                                "product": {
                                    "name": "vers:unknown/v4.3.0-rc1",
                                    "product_id": "CSAFPID-8570150"
                                }
                            },
                            {
                                "category": "product_version_range",
                                "name": "vers:unknown/v4.3.0-rc2",
                                "product": {
                                    "name": "vers:unknown/v4.3.0-rc2",
                                    "product_id": "CSAFPID-8570149"
                                }
                            },
                            {
                                "category": "product_version_range",
                                "name": "vers:unknown/v4.3.0-rc3",
                                "product": {
                                    "name": "vers:unknown/v4.3.0-rc3",
                                    "product_id": "CSAFPID-8570148"
                                }
                            },
                            {
                                "category": "product_version_range",
                                "name": "vers:unknown/v4.4.0-rc1",
                                "product": {
                                    "name": "vers:unknown/v4.4.0-rc1",
                                    "product_id": "CSAFPID-8570146"
                                }
                            },
                            {
                                "category": "product_version_range",
                                "name": "vers:unknown/v4.4.0-rc2",
                                "product": {
                                    "name": "vers:unknown/v4.4.0-rc2",
                                    "product_id": "CSAFPID-8570145"
                                }
                            },
                            {
                                "category": "product_version_range",
                                "name": "vers:unknown/v4.4.0-rc3",
                                "product": {
                                    "name": "vers:unknown/v4.4.0-rc3",
                                    "product_id": "CSAFPID-8570144"
                                }
                            },
                            {
                                "category": "product_version_range",
                                "name": "vers:unknown/zephyr-v3.5.0",
                                "product": {
                                    "name": "vers:unknown/zephyr-v3.5.0",
                                    "product_id": "CSAFPID-5596068"
                                }
                            }
                        ],
                        "category": "product_name",
                        "name": "zephyr"
                    }
                ],
                "category": "vendor",
                "name": "zephyrproject-rtos"
            }
        ]
    },
    "vulnerabilities": [
        {
            "cve": "CVE-2026-10645",
            "cwe": {
                "id": "CWE-125",
                "name": "Out-of-bounds Read"
            },
            "notes": [
                {
                    "category": "description",
                    "text": "Zephyr's ext2 directory-entry parser does not fully validate on-disk directory entry structure before copying the entry name and advancing traversal state. In ext2_fetch_direntry() (subsys/fs/ext2/ext2_diskops.c), the code only checks de_name_len <= EXT2_MAX_FILE_NAME and then copies the name with memcpy without validating the structural relationship between de_rec_len, de_name_len, and the directory block boundary (for example that de_rec_len is non-zero, at least the size of the entry header, and that the record fits within the block). Callers such as find_dir_entry() and ext2_get_direntry() (subsys/fs/ext2/ext2_impl.c) then advance traversal using the unvalidated de_rec_len. A crafted ext2 image can therefore cause an out-of-bounds read from the directory block buffer when a malformed entry near the end of a block triggers an oversized name copy, or a zero-progress infinite loop when de_rec_len == 0. The issue is not reached at mount time but later through directory traversal paths such as pathname lookup, stat/open/unlink/rename, and readdir. The primary impact is denial of service and out-of-bounds reads under attacker-controlled ext2 images mounted from untrusted media.",
                    "title": "osv - https://www.googleapis.com/download/storage/v1/b/osv-vulnerabilities/o/Ubuntu%2FUBUNTU-CVE-2026-10645.json?alt=media"
                },
                {
                    "category": "description",
                    "text": "The Zephyr ext2 filesystem driver (subsys/fs/ext2) trusted the on-disk directory entry fields de_rec_len and de_name_len when walking a directory block. ext2_fetch_direntry() guarded only with de_name_len > EXT2_MAX_FILE_NAME, but de_name_len is a uint8_t and EXT2_MAX_FILE_NAME is 255, so the check is always false; the function then memcpy'd up to 255 name bytes and the lookup/readdir paths advanced traversal by an unvalidated de_rec_len. Each directory block is read into a block_size-sized slab buffer, and block_off can be driven near the block end by preceding entries' rec_len, so the 8-byte header read and the subsequent name memcpy can read up to ~263 bytes past the end of the block buffer into adjacent heap/slab memory. On the readdir path those bytes are returned to the caller in fs_dirent.name, leaking adjacent kernel heap memory; a de_rec_len of 0 also causes a zero-progress infinite loop (denial of service), and the unlink path's memmove(de, next, next_reclen) over unvalidated records is an additional OOB read/write source. The defect is reached by any path-based operation (open, stat, unlink, rename, mkdir) or directory listing on a mounted ext2 volume, so a crafted or corrupted ext2 image on attacker-supplied storage (SD card, USB mass storage, or otherwise mounted image) triggers it. Affected: Zephyr ext2 from its introduction in v3.5.0 through v4.4.0. The fix validates rec_len and name_len in the parser and rejects entries whose header does not fit the remaining block or whose rec_len crosses the block boundary in every traversal caller.",
                    "title": "nvd - https://services.nvd.nist.gov/rest/json/cves/2.0?cveId=CVE-2026-10645"
                },
                {
                    "category": "description",
                    "text": "The Zephyr ext2 filesystem driver (subsys/fs/ext2) trusted the on-disk directory entry fields de_rec_len and de_name_len when walking a directory block. ext2_fetch_direntry() guarded only with de_name_len > EXT2_MAX_FILE_NAME, but de_name_len is a uint8_t and EXT2_MAX_FILE_NAME is 255, so the check is always false; the function then memcpy'd up to 255 name bytes and the lookup/readdir paths advanced traversal by an unvalidated de_rec_len. Each directory block is read into a block_size-sized slab buffer, and block_off can be driven near the block end by preceding entries' rec_len, so the 8-byte header read and the subsequent name memcpy can read up to ~263 bytes past the end of the block buffer into adjacent heap/slab memory. On the readdir path those bytes are returned to the caller in fs_dirent.name, leaking adjacent kernel heap memory; a de_rec_len of 0 also causes a zero-progress infinite loop (denial of service), and the unlink path's memmove(de, next, next_reclen) over unvalidated records is an additional OOB read/write source. The defect is reached by any path-based operation (open, stat, unlink, rename, mkdir) or directory listing on a mounted ext2 volume, so a crafted or corrupted ext2 image on attacker-supplied storage (SD card, USB mass storage, or otherwise mounted image) triggers it. Affected: Zephyr ext2 from its introduction in v3.5.0 through v4.4.0. The fix validates rec_len and name_len in the parser and rejects entries whose header does not fit the remaining block or whose rec_len crosses the block boundary in every traversal caller.",
                    "title": "osv - https://www.googleapis.com/download/storage/v1/b/osv-vulnerabilities/o/GIT%2FCVE-2026-10645.json?alt=media"
                },
                {
                    "category": "description",
                    "text": "The Zephyr ext2 filesystem driver (subsys/fs/ext2) trusted the on-disk directory entry fields de_rec_len and de_name_len when walking a directory block. ext2_fetch_direntry() guarded only with de_name_len > EXT2_MAX_FILE_NAME, but de_name_len is a uint8_t and EXT2_MAX_FILE_NAME is 255, so the check is always false; the function then memcpy'd up to 255 name bytes and the lookup/readdir paths advanced traversal by an unvalidated de_rec_len. Each directory block is read into a block_size-sized slab buffer, and block_off can be driven near the block end by preceding entries' rec_len, so the 8-byte header read and the subsequent name memcpy can read up to ~263 bytes past the end of the block buffer into adjacent heap/slab memory. On the readdir path those bytes are returned to the caller in fs_dirent.name, leaking adjacent kernel heap memory; a de_rec_len of 0 also causes a zero-progress infinite loop (denial of service), and the unlink path's memmove(de, next, next_reclen) over unvalidated records is an additional OOB read/write source. The defect is reached by any path-based operation (open, stat, unlink, rename, mkdir) or directory listing on a mounted ext2 volume, so a crafted or corrupted ext2 image on attacker-supplied storage (SD card, USB mass storage, or otherwise mounted image) triggers it. Affected: Zephyr ext2 from its introduction in v3.5.0 through v4.4.0. The fix validates rec_len and name_len in the parser and rejects entries whose header does not fit the remaining block or whose rec_len crosses the block boundary in every traversal caller.",
                    "title": "cveprojectv5 - https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/main/cves/2026/10xxx/CVE-2026-10645.json"
                },
                {
                    "category": "other",
                    "text": "0.00158",
                    "title": "EPSS"
                },
                {
                    "category": "other",
                    "text": "3.6",
                    "title": "NCSC Score"
                },
                {
                    "category": "other",
                    "text": "Is related to an uncommon product vendor, Is related to CWE-125 (Out-of-bounds Read), Is related to (a version of) an uncommon product, There is exploit data available from source Nvd",
                    "title": "NCSC Score top decreasing factors"
                }
            ],
            "product_status": {
                "known_affected": [
                    "CSAFPID-8490970",
                    "CSAFPID-8490971",
                    "CSAFPID-8490972",
                    "CSAFPID-8490973",
                    "CSAFPID-8490974",
                    "CSAFPID-8490975",
                    "CSAFPID-8490976",
                    "CSAFPID-8490977",
                    "CSAFPID-8490978",
                    "CSAFPID-8490979",
                    "CSAFPID-8490980",
                    "CSAFPID-8490981",
                    "CSAFPID-8490982",
                    "CSAFPID-8490983",
                    "CSAFPID-8490984",
                    "CSAFPID-8490985",
                    "CSAFPID-8490986",
                    "CSAFPID-8490987",
                    "CSAFPID-8537742",
                    "CSAFPID-5596063",
                    "CSAFPID-5596064",
                    "CSAFPID-5596065",
                    "CSAFPID-5596066",
                    "CSAFPID-5596067",
                    "CSAFPID-5596068",
                    "CSAFPID-5596069",
                    "CSAFPID-5596070",
                    "CSAFPID-5596071",
                    "CSAFPID-5596072",
                    "CSAFPID-5604263",
                    "CSAFPID-5604264",
                    "CSAFPID-5604265",
                    "CSAFPID-5604266",
                    "CSAFPID-5604267",
                    "CSAFPID-5604268",
                    "CSAFPID-5604269",
                    "CSAFPID-5604270",
                    "CSAFPID-8566770",
                    "CSAFPID-8566771",
                    "CSAFPID-8566772",
                    "CSAFPID-8566773",
                    "CSAFPID-8570144",
                    "CSAFPID-8570145",
                    "CSAFPID-8570146",
                    "CSAFPID-8570147",
                    "CSAFPID-8570148",
                    "CSAFPID-8570149",
                    "CSAFPID-8570150",
                    "CSAFPID-8810173"
                ]
            },
            "references": [
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Source - first",
                    "url": "https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Source - cveprojectv5",
                    "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/main/cves/2026/10xxx/CVE-2026-10645.json"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Source - nvd",
                    "url": "https://services.nvd.nist.gov/rest/json/cves/2.0?cveId=CVE-2026-10645"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Source - osv",
                    "url": "https://www.googleapis.com/download/storage/v1/b/osv-vulnerabilities/o/Ubuntu%2FUBUNTU-CVE-2026-10645.json?alt=media"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Source - osv",
                    "url": "https://www.googleapis.com/download/storage/v1/b/osv-vulnerabilities/o/GIT%2FCVE-2026-10645.json?alt=media"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Source - ncscclear",
                    "url": "https://vulnerabilities.ncsc.nl/manual/CVE-2026-10645"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - cveprojectv5; nvd; osv",
                    "url": "https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/commit/7cdb534a3c3daeaec18f656953857dcafa33a2bf"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - cveprojectv5; nvd; osv",
                    "url": "https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/security/advisories/GHSA-hwrh-9h3x-vccm"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - osv",
                    "url": "https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2026-10645"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - osv",
                    "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-10645"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - osv",
                    "url": "https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2026/10xxx/CVE-2026-10645.json"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - osv",
                    "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-10645"
                }
            ],
            "scores": [
                {
                    "cvss_v3": {
                        "version": "3.1",
                        "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
                        "baseScore": 5.5,
                        "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM"
                    },
                    "products": [
                        "CSAFPID-5596063",
                        "CSAFPID-5596064",
                        "CSAFPID-5596065",
                        "CSAFPID-5596066",
                        "CSAFPID-5596067",
                        "CSAFPID-5596068",
                        "CSAFPID-5596069",
                        "CSAFPID-5596070",
                        "CSAFPID-5596071",
                        "CSAFPID-5596072",
                        "CSAFPID-5604263",
                        "CSAFPID-5604264",
                        "CSAFPID-5604265",
                        "CSAFPID-5604266",
                        "CSAFPID-5604267",
                        "CSAFPID-5604268",
                        "CSAFPID-5604269",
                        "CSAFPID-5604270",
                        "CSAFPID-8490970",
                        "CSAFPID-8490971",
                        "CSAFPID-8490972",
                        "CSAFPID-8490973",
                        "CSAFPID-8490974",
                        "CSAFPID-8490975",
                        "CSAFPID-8490976",
                        "CSAFPID-8490977",
                        "CSAFPID-8490978",
                        "CSAFPID-8490979",
                        "CSAFPID-8490980",
                        "CSAFPID-8490981",
                        "CSAFPID-8490982",
                        "CSAFPID-8490983",
                        "CSAFPID-8490984",
                        "CSAFPID-8490985",
                        "CSAFPID-8490986",
                        "CSAFPID-8490987",
                        "CSAFPID-8537742",
                        "CSAFPID-8566770",
                        "CSAFPID-8566771",
                        "CSAFPID-8566772",
                        "CSAFPID-8566773",
                        "CSAFPID-8570144",
                        "CSAFPID-8570145",
                        "CSAFPID-8570146",
                        "CSAFPID-8570147",
                        "CSAFPID-8570148",
                        "CSAFPID-8570149",
                        "CSAFPID-8570150",
                        "CSAFPID-8810173"
                    ]
                }
            ],
            "title": "CVE-2026-10645"
        }
    ]
}