{
    "document": {
        "category": "csaf_base",
        "csaf_version": "2.0",
        "distribution": {
            "tlp": {
                "label": "WHITE"
            }
        },
        "lang": "en",
        "notes": [
            {
                "category": "legal_disclaimer",
                "text": "The Netherlands Cyber Security Center (henceforth: NCSC-NL) maintains this portal to enhance access to its information and vulnerabilities. The use of this information is subject to the following terms and conditions:\n\nThe vulnerabilities disclosed in this portal are gathered by NCSC-NL from a variety of open sources, which the user can retrieve from other platforms. NCSC-NL makes every reasonable effort to ensure that the content of this portal is kept up to date, and that it is accurate and complete. Nevertheless, NCSC-NL cannot entirely rule out the possibility of errors, and therefore cannot give any warranty in respect of its completeness, accuracy or real-time keeping up-to-date. NCSC-NL does not control nor guarantee the accuracy, relevance, timeliness or completeness of information obtained from these external sources. The vulnerabilities disclosed in this portal are intended solely for the convenience of professional parties to take appropriate measures to manage the risks posed to the cybersecurity. No rights can be derived from the information provided therein.\n\nNCSC-NL and the Kingdom of the Netherlands assume no legal liability or responsibility for any damage resulting from either the use or inability of use of the vulnerabilities disclosed in this portal. This includes damage resulting from the inaccuracy of incompleteness of the information contained in it.\nThe information on this page is subject to Dutch law. All disputes related to or arising from the use of this portal regarding the disclosure of vulnerabilities will be submitted to the competent court in The Hague. This choice of means also applies to the court in summary proceedings."
            }
        ],
        "publisher": {
            "category": "coordinator",
            "contact_details": "cert@ncsc.nl",
            "name": "National Cyber Security Centre",
            "namespace": "https://www.ncsc.nl/"
        },
        "title": "CVE-2026-10648",
        "tracking": {
            "current_release_date": "2026-09-06T15:10:13.632298Z",
            "generator": {
                "date": "2026-02-17T15:00:00Z",
                "engine": {
                    "name": "V.E.L.M.A",
                    "version": "1.7"
                }
            },
            "id": "CVE-2026-10648",
            "initial_release_date": "2026-06-29T23:26:48.843681Z",
            "revision_history": [
                {
                    "date": "2026-06-29T23:26:48.843681Z",
                    "number": "1",
                    "summary": "CVE created.| Source created.| CVE status created. (valid)| Description created for source.| CVSS created.| References created (2).| CWES updated (1)."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-06-29T23:26:53.935751Z",
                    "number": "2",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score created."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-06-30T00:12:22.310653Z",
                    "number": "3",
                    "summary": "Source created.| CVE status created. (valid)| Description created for source.| CVSS created.| Products connected (1).| References created (2).| CWES updated (1)."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-06-30T00:12:26.696610Z",
                    "number": "4",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-06-30T07:35:18.666945Z",
                    "number": "5",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-06-30T13:40:15.803376Z",
                    "number": "6",
                    "summary": "Unknown change."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-06-30T13:40:17.925570Z",
                    "number": "7",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-06-30T18:49:26.597155Z",
                    "number": "8",
                    "summary": "Source connected.| CVE status created. (valid)| EPSS created."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-06-30T18:49:34.422493Z",
                    "number": "9",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-07-01T15:36:42.436065Z",
                    "number": "10",
                    "summary": "Products connected (1).| Product Identifiers created (4).| Products created (3).| Exploits created (1)."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-07-01T15:36:53.223896Z",
                    "number": "11",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-07-10T15:41:46.987382Z",
                    "number": "12",
                    "summary": "Source connected.| CVE status created. (valid)| EPSS created."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-08-11T15:11:53.301026Z",
                    "number": "13",
                    "summary": "Source connected.| CVE status created. (valid)| EPSS created."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-08-11T15:13:09.131499Z",
                    "number": "14",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-09-02T10:45:46.330932Z",
                    "number": "15",
                    "summary": "EPSS updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-09-02T23:34:59.479169Z",
                    "number": "16",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-09-03T14:38:16.563766Z",
                    "number": "17",
                    "summary": "EPSS updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-09-03T19:01:41.843631Z",
                    "number": "18",
                    "summary": "EPSS updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-09-04T15:47:42.302284Z",
                    "number": "19",
                    "summary": "EPSS updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-09-05T15:45:34.825367Z",
                    "number": "20",
                    "summary": "EPSS updated."
                }
            ],
            "status": "interim",
            "version": "20"
        }
    },
    "product_tree": {
        "branches": [
            {
                "branches": [
                    {
                        "branches": [
                            {
                                "category": "product_version_range",
                                "name": "vers:semver/4.4.0|<4.5.0",
                                "product": {
                                    "name": "vers:semver/4.4.0|<4.5.0",
                                    "product_id": "CSAFPID-8466671"
                                }
                            },
                            {
                                "category": "product_version_range",
                                "name": "vers:unknown/4.4.0",
                                "product": {
                                    "name": "vers:unknown/4.4.0",
                                    "product_id": "CSAFPID-8468196",
                                    "product_identification_helper": {
                                        "cpe": "cpe:2.3:o:zephyrproject:zephyr:4.4.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:*"
                                    }
                                }
                            },
                            {
                                "category": "product_version_range",
                                "name": "vers:unknown/4.4.0-rc1",
                                "product": {
                                    "name": "vers:unknown/4.4.0-rc1",
                                    "product_id": "CSAFPID-8523494",
                                    "product_identification_helper": {
                                        "cpe": "cpe:2.3:o:zephyrproject:zephyr:4.4.0:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*"
                                    }
                                }
                            },
                            {
                                "category": "product_version_range",
                                "name": "vers:unknown/4.4.0-rc2",
                                "product": {
                                    "name": "vers:unknown/4.4.0-rc2",
                                    "product_id": "CSAFPID-8523495",
                                    "product_identification_helper": {
                                        "cpe": "cpe:2.3:o:zephyrproject:zephyr:4.4.0:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*"
                                    }
                                }
                            },
                            {
                                "category": "product_version_range",
                                "name": "vers:unknown/4.4.0-rc3",
                                "product": {
                                    "name": "vers:unknown/4.4.0-rc3",
                                    "product_id": "CSAFPID-8523496",
                                    "product_identification_helper": {
                                        "cpe": "cpe:2.3:o:zephyrproject:zephyr:4.4.0:rc3:*:*:*:*:*:*"
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        ],
                        "category": "product_name",
                        "name": "Zephyr"
                    }
                ],
                "category": "vendor",
                "name": "Zephyrproject"
            }
        ]
    },
    "vulnerabilities": [
        {
            "cve": "CVE-2026-10648",
            "cwe": {
                "id": "CWE-476",
                "name": "NULL Pointer Dereference"
            },
            "notes": [
                {
                    "category": "description",
                    "text": "mcumgr_serial_process_frag() in subsys/mgmt/mcumgr/transport/src/serial_util.c calls net_buf_reset() on the result of smp_packet_alloc() before checking it for NULL. smp_packet_alloc() uses net_buf_alloc(K_NO_WAIT) against the shared MCUmgr packet pool (CONFIG_MCUMGR_TRANSPORT_NETBUF_COUNT, default 4), which returns NULL when the pool is exhausted. In default builds the __ASSERT_NO_MSG in net_buf_reset is a no-op, so net_buf_simple_reset writes through the NULL pointer (buf->len = 0; buf->data = buf->__buf), causing a fault/crash. The fragment data reaches this code from attacker-controlled bytes on the MCUmgr serial/UART/shell-console transports (smp_uart.c, smp_raw_uart.c, smp_shell.c), and a fresh buffer is allocated at the start of essentially every new packet. An attacker on the serial/console link can flood the transport to drive the 4-entry buffer pool to exhaustion and induce the NULL dereference, crashing the device (denial of service). The defect was introduced after the original MCUmgr rework and shipped in Zephyr v4.4.0. The fix moves the NULL check ahead of net_buf_reset.",
                    "title": "nvd - https://services.nvd.nist.gov/rest/json/cves/2.0?cveId=CVE-2026-10648"
                },
                {
                    "category": "description",
                    "text": "mcumgr_serial_process_frag() in subsys/mgmt/mcumgr/transport/src/serial_util.c calls net_buf_reset() on the result of smp_packet_alloc() before checking it for NULL. smp_packet_alloc() uses net_buf_alloc(K_NO_WAIT) against the shared MCUmgr packet pool (CONFIG_MCUMGR_TRANSPORT_NETBUF_COUNT, default 4), which returns NULL when the pool is exhausted. In default builds the __ASSERT_NO_MSG in net_buf_reset is a no-op, so net_buf_simple_reset writes through the NULL pointer (buf->len = 0; buf->data = buf->__buf), causing a fault/crash. The fragment data reaches this code from attacker-controlled bytes on the MCUmgr serial/UART/shell-console transports (smp_uart.c, smp_raw_uart.c, smp_shell.c), and a fresh buffer is allocated at the start of essentially every new packet. An attacker on the serial/console link can flood the transport to drive the 4-entry buffer pool to exhaustion and induce the NULL dereference, crashing the device (denial of service). The defect was introduced after the original MCUmgr rework and shipped in Zephyr v4.4.0. The fix moves the NULL check ahead of net_buf_reset.",
                    "title": "cveprojectv5 - https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/main/cves/2026/10xxx/CVE-2026-10648.json"
                },
                {
                    "category": "other",
                    "text": "0.00153",
                    "title": "EPSS"
                },
                {
                    "category": "other",
                    "text": "3.7",
                    "title": "NCSC Score"
                },
                {
                    "category": "other",
                    "text": "Is related to CWE-476 (NULL Pointer Dereference)",
                    "title": "NCSC Score top increasing factors"
                },
                {
                    "category": "other",
                    "text": "Is related to (a version of) an uncommon product, There is exploit data available from source Nvd",
                    "title": "NCSC Score top decreasing factors"
                }
            ],
            "product_status": {
                "known_affected": [
                    "CSAFPID-8466671",
                    "CSAFPID-8468196",
                    "CSAFPID-8523494",
                    "CSAFPID-8523495",
                    "CSAFPID-8523496"
                ]
            },
            "references": [
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Source - first",
                    "url": "https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Source - nvd",
                    "url": "https://services.nvd.nist.gov/rest/json/cves/2.0?cveId=CVE-2026-10648"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Source - cveprojectv5",
                    "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/main/cves/2026/10xxx/CVE-2026-10648.json"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Source - ncscclear",
                    "url": "https://vulnerabilities.ncsc.nl/manual/CVE-2026-10648"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - cveprojectv5; nvd",
                    "url": "https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/commit/6f363ec6f7fd6ae9ed7ca2ae66fd9c82dce31c59"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - cveprojectv5; nvd",
                    "url": "https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/security/advisories/GHSA-j64f-h3ww-f32c"
                }
            ],
            "scores": [
                {
                    "cvss_v3": {
                        "version": "3.1",
                        "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
                        "baseScore": 6.2,
                        "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM"
                    },
                    "products": [
                        "CSAFPID-8466671",
                        "CSAFPID-8468196",
                        "CSAFPID-8523494",
                        "CSAFPID-8523495",
                        "CSAFPID-8523496"
                    ]
                }
            ],
            "title": "CVE-2026-10648"
        }
    ]
}