{
    "document": {
        "category": "csaf_base",
        "csaf_version": "2.0",
        "distribution": {
            "tlp": {
                "label": "WHITE"
            }
        },
        "lang": "en",
        "notes": [
            {
                "category": "legal_disclaimer",
                "text": "The Netherlands Cyber Security Center (henceforth: NCSC-NL) maintains this portal to enhance access to its information and vulnerabilities. The use of this information is subject to the following terms and conditions:\n\nThe vulnerabilities disclosed in this portal are gathered by NCSC-NL from a variety of open sources, which the user can retrieve from other platforms. NCSC-NL makes every reasonable effort to ensure that the content of this portal is kept up to date, and that it is accurate and complete. Nevertheless, NCSC-NL cannot entirely rule out the possibility of errors, and therefore cannot give any warranty in respect of its completeness, accuracy or real-time keeping up-to-date. NCSC-NL does not control nor guarantee the accuracy, relevance, timeliness or completeness of information obtained from these external sources. The vulnerabilities disclosed in this portal are intended solely for the convenience of professional parties to take appropriate measures to manage the risks posed to the cybersecurity. No rights can be derived from the information provided therein.\n\nNCSC-NL and the Kingdom of the Netherlands assume no legal liability or responsibility for any damage resulting from either the use or inability of use of the vulnerabilities disclosed in this portal. This includes damage resulting from the inaccuracy of incompleteness of the information contained in it.\nThe information on this page is subject to Dutch law. All disputes related to or arising from the use of this portal regarding the disclosure of vulnerabilities will be submitted to the competent court in The Hague. This choice of means also applies to the court in summary proceedings."
            }
        ],
        "publisher": {
            "category": "coordinator",
            "contact_details": "cert@ncsc.nl",
            "name": "National Cyber Security Centre",
            "namespace": "https://www.ncsc.nl/"
        },
        "title": "CVE-2026-23402",
        "tracking": {
            "current_release_date": "2026-04-02T12:31:07.440283Z",
            "generator": {
                "date": "2026-02-17T15:00:00Z",
                "engine": {
                    "name": "V.E.L.M.A",
                    "version": "1.7"
                }
            },
            "id": "CVE-2026-23402",
            "initial_release_date": "2026-04-01T09:25:07.773839Z",
            "revision_history": [
                {
                    "date": "2026-04-01T09:25:07.773839Z",
                    "number": "1",
                    "summary": "CVE created.| Source created.| CVE status created. (valid)| Description created for source.| References created (1)."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-04-01T09:25:11.060038Z",
                    "number": "2",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score created."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-04-01T09:38:55.719111Z",
                    "number": "3",
                    "summary": "Source created.| CVE status created. (valid)| Description created for source.| Products created (1).| Products connected (3).| References created (1)."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-04-01T09:38:57.960338Z",
                    "number": "4",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-04-01T11:36:06.411433Z",
                    "number": "5",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-04-01T12:06:05.856356Z",
                    "number": "6",
                    "summary": "Source connected.| CVE status created. (valid)| Products connected (1).| References created (14)."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-04-01T12:06:18.250491Z",
                    "number": "7",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-04-01T15:37:45.198397Z",
                    "number": "8",
                    "summary": "Source connected.| CVE status created. (valid)| EPSS created."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-04-01T15:37:47.488928Z",
                    "number": "9",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-04-01T18:43:48.953629Z",
                    "number": "10",
                    "summary": "Source created.| CVE status created. (valid)| Products connected (2)."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-04-02T00:29:05.625296Z",
                    "number": "11",
                    "summary": "Source created.| CVE status created. (valid)| Description created for source.| CVSS created.| Products connected (13).| Product Identifiers created (5).| References created (3).| CWES updated (1).| Vendor_assessment created."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-04-02T00:29:15.578363Z",
                    "number": "12",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-04-02T06:44:46.902853Z",
                    "number": "13",
                    "summary": "Description created for source."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-04-02T08:05:47.693197Z",
                    "number": "14",
                    "summary": "Products connected (1).| References created (1)."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-04-02T11:39:12.848666Z",
                    "number": "15",
                    "summary": "Products created (4).| References created (2)."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-04-02T11:39:20.415568Z",
                    "number": "16",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-04-02T12:27:18.881625Z",
                    "number": "17",
                    "summary": "References created (2)."
                }
            ],
            "status": "interim",
            "version": "17"
        }
    },
    "product_tree": {
        "branches": [
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                "branches": [
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                                "name": "vers:semver/6.18.21|<=6.18.*",
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                                    "product_id": "CSAFPID-5984170"
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                                "name": "vers:semver/6.19.11|<=6.19.*",
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                                "name": "vers:semver/<6.16",
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                                    "product_id": "CSAFPID-3063687"
                                }
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                                "name": "vers:unknown/6.16",
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                                    "name": "vers:unknown/6.16",
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                                }
                            },
                            {
                                "category": "product_version_range",
                                "name": "vers:unknown/7.0-rc6|<=*",
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                                    "name": "vers:unknown/7.0-rc6|<=*",
                                    "product_id": "CSAFPID-5971751"
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                    }
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            },
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                                "category": "product_version_range",
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                                    "product_id": "CSAFPID-1330297",
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                                        "cpe": "cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel:-"
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                        ],
                        "category": "product_name",
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                                        "cpe": "cpe:/o:oracle:linux:-"
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                "name": "Oracle"
            },
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                                "name": "vers:rpm/10",
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                                    "product_id": "CSAFPID-2858634",
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                        ],
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                                "name": "vers:rpm/6",
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                                    "product_id": "CSAFPID-1439321",
                                    "product_identification_helper": {
                                        "cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6"
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                        ],
                        "category": "product_name",
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                    },
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                                "name": "vers:rpm/7",
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                                    "name": "vers:rpm/7",
                                    "product_id": "CSAFPID-1439315",
                                    "product_identification_helper": {
                                        "cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7"
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        ],
                        "category": "product_name",
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                    },
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                                "category": "product_version_range",
                                "name": "vers:rpm/8",
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                                    "name": "vers:rpm/8",
                                    "product_id": "CSAFPID-1439317",
                                    "product_identification_helper": {
                                        "cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8"
                                    }
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                        ],
                        "category": "product_name",
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                    },
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                                "category": "product_version_range",
                                "name": "vers:rpm/9",
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                                        "cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:9"
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                                            "product_id": "CSAFPID-2858635"
                                        }
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                                        "category": "product_version_range",
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                                            "product_id": "CSAFPID-1453376"
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                        "name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6"
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                                        "name": "vers:rpm/unknown",
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                                            "product_id": "CSAFPID-1453381"
                                        }
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                                    {
                                        "category": "product_version_range",
                                        "name": "vers:rpm/unknown",
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                                        }
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                                ],
                                "category": "product_name",
                                "name": "kernel-rt"
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                        "name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"
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                "name": "Red Hat"
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                        "branches": [
                            {
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                                        "name": "vers:deb/*",
                                        "product": {
                                            "name": "vers:deb/*",
                                            "product_id": "CSAFPID-2036022"
                                        }
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                                "name": "linux"
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                        "category": "product_family",
                        "name": "bookworm"
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                                        "category": "product_version_range",
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                                            "product_id": "CSAFPID-2036023"
                                        }
                                    }
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                                "category": "product_name",
                                "name": "linux"
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                        "name": "bullseye"
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                ],
                "category": "vendor",
                "name": "Debian"
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        ]
    },
    "vulnerabilities": [
        {
            "cve": "CVE-2026-23402",
            "cwe": {
                "id": "CWE-501",
                "name": "Trust Boundary Violation"
            },
            "notes": [
                {
                    "category": "description",
                    "text": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nKVM: x86/mmu: Only WARN in direct MMUs when overwriting shadow-present SPTE\n\nAdjust KVM's sanity check against overwriting a shadow-present SPTE with a\nanother SPTE with a different target PFN to only apply to direct MMUs,\ni.e. only to MMUs without shadowed gPTEs.  While it's impossible for KVM\nto overwrite a shadow-present SPTE in response to a guest write, writes\nfrom outside the scope of KVM, e.g. from host userspace, aren't detected\nby KVM's write tracking and so can break KVM's shadow paging rules.\n\n  ------------[ cut here ]------------\n  pfn != spte_to_pfn(*sptep)\n  WARNING: arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c:3069 at mmu_set_spte+0x1e4/0x440 [kvm], CPU#0: vmx_ept_stale_r/872\n  Modules linked in: kvm_intel kvm irqbypass\n  CPU: 0 UID: 1000 PID: 872 Comm: vmx_ept_stale_r Not tainted 7.0.0-rc2-eafebd2d2ab0-sink-vm #319 PREEMPT\n  Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS 0.0.0 02/06/2015\n  RIP: 0010:mmu_set_spte+0x1e4/0x440 [kvm]\n  Call Trace:\n   <TASK>\n   ept_page_fault+0x535/0x7f0 [kvm]\n   kvm_mmu_do_page_fault+0xee/0x1f0 [kvm]\n   kvm_mmu_page_fault+0x8d/0x620 [kvm]\n   vmx_handle_exit+0x18c/0x5a0 [kvm_intel]\n   kvm_arch_vcpu_ioctl_run+0xc55/0x1c20 [kvm]\n   kvm_vcpu_ioctl+0x2d5/0x980 [kvm]\n   __x64_sys_ioctl+0x8a/0xd0\n   do_syscall_64+0xb5/0x730\n   entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x4b/0x53\n   </TASK>\n  ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---",
                    "title": "nvd - https://services.nvd.nist.gov/rest/json/cves/2.0?cveId=CVE-2026-23402"
                },
                {
                    "category": "description",
                    "text": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nKVM: x86/mmu: Only WARN in direct MMUs when overwriting shadow-present SPTE\n\nAdjust KVM's sanity check against overwriting a shadow-present SPTE with a\nanother SPTE with a different target PFN to only apply to direct MMUs,\ni.e. only to MMUs without shadowed gPTEs.  While it's impossible for KVM\nto overwrite a shadow-present SPTE in response to a guest write, writes\nfrom outside the scope of KVM, e.g. from host userspace, aren't detected\nby KVM's write tracking and so can break KVM's shadow paging rules.\n\n  ------------[ cut here ]------------\n  pfn != spte_to_pfn(*sptep)\n  WARNING: arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c:3069 at mmu_set_spte+0x1e4/0x440 [kvm], CPU#0: vmx_ept_stale_r/872\n  Modules linked in: kvm_intel kvm irqbypass\n  CPU: 0 UID: 1000 PID: 872 Comm: vmx_ept_stale_r Not tainted 7.0.0-rc2-eafebd2d2ab0-sink-vm #319 PREEMPT\n  Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS 0.0.0 02/06/2015\n  RIP: 0010:mmu_set_spte+0x1e4/0x440 [kvm]\n  Call Trace:\n   <TASK>\n   ept_page_fault+0x535/0x7f0 [kvm]\n   kvm_mmu_do_page_fault+0xee/0x1f0 [kvm]\n   kvm_mmu_page_fault+0x8d/0x620 [kvm]\n   vmx_handle_exit+0x18c/0x5a0 [kvm_intel]\n   kvm_arch_vcpu_ioctl_run+0xc55/0x1c20 [kvm]\n   kvm_vcpu_ioctl+0x2d5/0x980 [kvm]\n   __x64_sys_ioctl+0x8a/0xd0\n   do_syscall_64+0xb5/0x730\n   entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x4b/0x53\n   </TASK>\n  ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---",
                    "title": "cveprojectv5 - https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/main/cves/2026/23xxx/CVE-2026-23402.json"
                },
                {
                    "category": "description",
                    "text": "A flaw was found in the Linux kernel's Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM) module. This vulnerability allows a host user to bypass KVM's memory management rules by overwriting critical memory structures. This can lead to a compromise of the virtual machine's memory integrity, potentially causing system instability or unexpected behavior within virtualized environments.",
                    "title": "redhat - https://access.redhat.com/hydra/rest/securitydata/cve/CVE-2026-23402.json"
                },
                {
                    "category": "description",
                    "text": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:  KVM: x86/mmu: Only WARN in direct MMUs when overwriting shadow-present SPTE  Adjust KVM's sanity check against overwriting a shadow-present SPTE with a another SPTE with a different target PFN to only apply to direct MMUs, i.e. only to MMUs without shadowed gPTEs.  While it's impossible for KVM to overwrite a shadow-present SPTE in response to a guest write, writes from outside the scope of KVM, e.g. from host userspace, aren't detected by KVM's write tracking and so can break KVM's shadow paging rules.    ------------[ cut here ]------------   pfn != spte_to_pfn(*sptep)   WARNING: arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c:3069 at mmu_set_spte+0x1e4/0x440 [kvm], CPU#0: vmx_ept_stale_r/872   Modules linked in: kvm_intel kvm irqbypass   CPU: 0 UID: 1000 PID: 872 Comm: vmx_ept_stale_r Not tainted 7.0.0-rc2-eafebd2d2ab0-sink-vm #319 PREEMPT   Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS 0.0.0 02/06/2015   RIP: 0010:mmu_set_spte+0x1e4/0x440 [kvm]   Call Trace:    <TASK>    ept_page_fault+0x535/0x7f0 [kvm]    kvm_mmu_do_page_fault+0xee/0x1f0 [kvm]    kvm_mmu_page_fault+0x8d/0x620 [kvm]    vmx_handle_exit+0x18c/0x5a0 [kvm_intel]    kvm_arch_vcpu_ioctl_run+0xc55/0x1c20 [kvm]    kvm_vcpu_ioctl+0x2d5/0x980 [kvm]    __x64_sys_ioctl+0x8a/0xd0    do_syscall_64+0xb5/0x730    entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x4b/0x53    </TASK>   ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---",
                    "title": "debian - https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2026-23402"
                },
                {
                    "category": "other",
                    "text": "0.00018",
                    "title": "EPSS"
                },
                {
                    "category": "other",
                    "text": "3.9",
                    "title": "NCSC Score"
                },
                {
                    "category": "other",
                    "text": "The value of the most recent EPSS score, Is related to a product by vendor Open Source, Is related to a product by vendor Linux",
                    "title": "NCSC Score top decreasing factors"
                },
                {
                    "category": "details",
                    "text": "Severity: 1\n",
                    "title": "Vendor assessment"
                }
            ],
            "product_status": {
                "known_affected": [
                    "CSAFPID-3063686",
                    "CSAFPID-5971806",
                    "CSAFPID-1330297",
                    "CSAFPID-2858634",
                    "CSAFPID-2858635",
                    "CSAFPID-1317177",
                    "CSAFPID-5984168",
                    "CSAFPID-5984169"
                ],
                "known_not_affected": [
                    "CSAFPID-3063687",
                    "CSAFPID-5971751",
                    "CSAFPID-2036022",
                    "CSAFPID-2036023",
                    "CSAFPID-1439315",
                    "CSAFPID-1439317",
                    "CSAFPID-1439319",
                    "CSAFPID-1439321",
                    "CSAFPID-1453376",
                    "CSAFPID-1453377",
                    "CSAFPID-1453378",
                    "CSAFPID-1453379",
                    "CSAFPID-1453380",
                    "CSAFPID-1453381",
                    "CSAFPID-1453382",
                    "CSAFPID-5984170",
                    "CSAFPID-5984171"
                ]
            },
            "references": [
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Source - nvd",
                    "url": "https://services.nvd.nist.gov/rest/json/cves/2.0?cveId=CVE-2026-23402"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Source - cveprojectv5",
                    "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/main/cves/2026/23xxx/CVE-2026-23402.json"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Source - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://wid.cert-bund.de/.well-known/csaf/white/2026/wid-sec-w-2026-0950.json"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Source - first",
                    "url": "https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?limit=10000&offset=0"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Source - debian",
                    "url": "https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2026-23402"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Source - redhat",
                    "url": "https://access.redhat.com/hydra/rest/securitydata/cve/CVE-2026-23402.json"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - cveprojectv5; nvd",
                    "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/df83746075778958954aa0460cca55f4b3fc9c02"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://wid.cert-bund.de/.well-known/csaf/white/2026/wid-sec-w-2026-0950.json"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://wid.cert-bund.de/portal/wid/securityadvisory?name=WID-SEC-2026-0950"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://lore.kernel.org/linux-cve-announce/"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://lore.kernel.org/linux-cve-announce/2026040108-CVE-2026-23401-956d@gregkh/"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://lore.kernel.org/linux-cve-announce/2026040110-CVE-2026-23402-c852@gregkh/"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://lore.kernel.org/linux-cve-announce/2026040111-CVE-2026-23403-f22c@gregkh/"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://lore.kernel.org/linux-cve-announce/2026040111-CVE-2026-23404-8b0b@gregkh/"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://lore.kernel.org/linux-cve-announce/2026040111-CVE-2026-23405-0e7a@gregkh/"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://lore.kernel.org/linux-cve-announce/2026040112-CVE-2026-23406-0cb2@gregkh/"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://lore.kernel.org/linux-cve-announce/2026040112-CVE-2026-23407-297e@gregkh/"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://lore.kernel.org/linux-cve-announce/2026040113-CVE-2026-23408-1932@gregkh/"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://lore.kernel.org/linux-cve-announce/2026040113-CVE-2026-23409-ae18@gregkh/"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://lore.kernel.org/linux-cve-announce/2026040113-CVE-2026-23410-d7d5@gregkh/"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://lore.kernel.org/linux-cve-announce/2026040114-CVE-2026-23411-00f7@gregkh/"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - redhat",
                    "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-23402"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - redhat",
                    "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-23402"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - redhat",
                    "url": "https://lore.kernel.org/linux-cve-announce/2026040110-CVE-2026-23402-c852@gregkh/T"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://linux.oracle.com/errata/ELSA-2026-50170.html"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - cveprojectv5; nvd",
                    "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bab090e8fd5607f77379ea78b9d0c683cb1538a9"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - cveprojectv5; nvd",
                    "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a1e0f7150639bc30a8e75476d1c7daab77d44992"
                }
            ],
            "scores": [
                {
                    "cvss_v3": {
                        "version": "3.1",
                        "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
                        "baseScore": 5.5,
                        "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM"
                    },
                    "products": [
                        "CSAFPID-1317177",
                        "CSAFPID-1330297",
                        "CSAFPID-2858634",
                        "CSAFPID-2858635",
                        "CSAFPID-3063686",
                        "CSAFPID-5971806",
                        "CSAFPID-5984168",
                        "CSAFPID-5984169"
                    ]
                }
            ],
            "title": "CVE-2026-23402"
        }
    ]
}