{ "document": { "category": "csaf_base", "csaf_version": "2.0", "distribution": { "tlp": { "label": "WHITE" } }, "lang": "en", "notes": [ { "category": "legal_disclaimer", "text": "The Netherlands Cyber Security Center (henceforth: NCSC-NL) maintains this portal to enhance access to its information and vulnerabilities. The use of this information is subject to the following terms and conditions:\n\nThe vulnerabilities disclosed in this portal are gathered by NCSC-NL from a variety of open sources, which the user can retrieve from other platforms. NCSC-NL makes every reasonable effort to ensure that the content of this portal is kept up to date, and that it is accurate and complete. Nevertheless, NCSC-NL cannot entirely rule out the possibility of errors, and therefore cannot give any warranty in respect of its completeness, accuracy or real-time keeping up-to-date. NCSC-NL does not control nor guarantee the accuracy, relevance, timeliness or completeness of information obtained from these external sources. The vulnerabilities disclosed in this portal are intended solely for the convenience of professional parties to take appropriate measures to manage the risks posed to the cybersecurity. No rights can be derived from the information provided therein.\n\nNCSC-NL and the Kingdom of the Netherlands assume no legal liability or responsibility for any damage resulting from either the use or inability of use of the vulnerabilities disclosed in this portal. This includes damage resulting from the inaccuracy of incompleteness of the information contained in it.\nThe information on this page is subject to Dutch law. All disputes related to or arising from the use of this portal regarding the disclosure of vulnerabilities will be submitted to the competent court in The Hague. This choice of means also applies to the court in summary proceedings." } ], "publisher": { "category": "coordinator", "contact_details": "cert@ncsc.nl", "name": "National Cyber Security Centre", "namespace": "https://www.ncsc.nl/" }, "title": "CVE-2026-28289", "tracking": { "current_release_date": "2026-04-01T15:24:07.934857Z", "generator": { "date": "2026-02-17T15:00:00Z", "engine": { "name": "V.E.L.M.A", "version": "1.7" } }, "id": "CVE-2026-28289", "initial_release_date": "2026-03-03T23:25:17.727506Z", "revision_history": [ { "date": "2026-03-03T23:25:17.727506Z", "number": "1", "summary": "CVE created.| Source created.| CVE status created. (valid)| Description created for source.| CVSS created.| References created (2).| CWES updated (1)." }, { "date": "2026-03-03T23:25:27.924995Z", "number": "2", "summary": "NCSC Score created." }, { "date": "2026-03-03T23:38:50.112768Z", "number": "3", "summary": "Source created.| CVE status created. (valid)| Description created for source.| CVSS created.| Products created (1).| References created (2).| CWES updated (1)." }, { "date": "2026-03-03T23:38:58.979212Z", "number": "4", "summary": "NCSC Score updated." }, { "date": "2026-03-04T09:31:00.931834Z", "number": "5", "summary": "Source created.| CVE status created. (valid)| News created (1)." }, { "date": "2026-03-04T09:31:09.108456Z", "number": "6", "summary": "NCSC Score updated." }, { "date": "2026-03-04T15:16:27.217741Z", "number": "7", "summary": "Source created.| CVE status created. (valid)| EPSS created." }, { "date": "2026-03-04T15:16:31.242059Z", "number": "8", "summary": "NCSC Score updated." }, { "date": "2026-03-04T16:39:01.801724Z", "number": "9", "summary": "Unknown change." }, { "date": "2026-03-04T22:05:04.350126Z", "number": "10", "summary": "Source created.| CVE status created. (valid)| News created (1)." }, { "date": "2026-03-04T22:05:15.770931Z", "number": "11", "summary": "NCSC Score updated." }, { "date": "2026-03-05T16:25:44.881799Z", "number": "12", "summary": "Products created (1).| Product Identifiers created (1).| Exploits created (1)." }, { "date": "2026-03-05T16:25:52.455787Z", "number": "13", "summary": "NCSC Score updated." }, { "date": "2026-03-05T18:42:03.633105Z", "number": "14", "summary": "NCSC Score updated." }, { "date": "2026-03-05T21:38:57.379895Z", "number": "15", "summary": "References created (1)." }, { "date": "2026-03-05T22:25:33.892146Z", "number": "16", "summary": "References created (1)." }, { "date": "2026-03-11T20:25:05.144012Z", "number": "17", "summary": "Exploits created (1)." }, { "date": "2026-03-11T20:25:14.905794Z", "number": "18", "summary": "NCSC Score updated." }, { "date": "2026-03-20T09:37:49.884304Z", "number": "19", "summary": "Source connected.| CVE status created. (valid)| EPSS created." }, { "date": "2026-03-20T09:37:53.061728Z", "number": "20", "summary": "NCSC Score updated." }, { "date": "2026-03-31T17:39:01.073960Z", "number": "21", "summary": "NCSC Score updated." }, { "date": "2026-04-01T15:23:55.658736Z", "number": "22", "summary": "EPSS updated." }, { "date": "2026-04-01T15:24:04.111513Z", "number": "23", "summary": "NCSC Score updated." } ], "status": "interim", "version": "23" } }, "product_tree": { "branches": [ { "branches": [ { "branches": [ { "category": "product_version_range", "name": "vers:unknown/<1.8.207", "product": { "name": "vers:unknown/<1.8.207", "product_id": "CSAFPID-5762367", "product_identification_helper": { "cpe": "cpe:2.3:a:freescout:freescout:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*" } } } ], "category": "product_name", "name": "freescout" } ], "category": "vendor", "name": "freescout" }, { "branches": [ { "branches": [ { "category": "product_version_range", "name": "vers:unknown/<1.8.207", "product": { "name": "vers:unknown/<1.8.207", "product_id": "CSAFPID-5757215" } } ], "category": "product_name", "name": "freescout" } ], "category": "vendor", "name": "freescout-help-desk" } ] }, "vulnerabilities": [ { "cve": "CVE-2026-28289", "cwe": { "id": "CWE-434", "name": "Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type" }, "notes": [ { "category": "description", "text": "FreeScout is a free help desk and shared inbox built with PHP's Laravel framework. A patch bypass vulnerability for CVE-2026-27636 in FreeScout 1.8.206 and earlier allows any authenticated user with file upload permissions to achieve Remote Code Execution (RCE) on the server by uploading a malicious .htaccess file using a zero-width space character prefix to bypass the security check. The vulnerability exists in the sanitizeUploadedFileName() function in app/Http/Helper.php. The function contains a Time-of-Check to Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) flaw where the dot-prefix check occurs before sanitization removes invisible characters. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.8.207.", "title": "nvd - https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-28289" }, { "category": "description", "text": "FreeScout is a free help desk and shared inbox built with PHP's Laravel framework. A patch bypass vulnerability for CVE-2026-27636 in FreeScout 1.8.206 and earlier allows any authenticated user with file upload permissions to achieve Remote Code Execution (RCE) on the server by uploading a malicious .htaccess file using a zero-width space character prefix to bypass the security check. The vulnerability exists in the sanitizeUploadedFileName() function in app/Http/Helper.php. The function contains a Time-of-Check to Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) flaw where the dot-prefix check occurs before sanitization removes invisible characters. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.8.207.", "title": "cveprojectv5 - https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-28289" }, { "category": "other", "text": "0.16521", "title": "EPSS" }, { "category": "other", "text": "3.8", "title": "NCSC Score" }, { "category": "other", "text": "Exploit code publicly available, The value of the most recent EPSS score", "title": "NCSC Score top increasing factors" }, { "category": "other", "text": "Is related to (a version of) an uncommon product, There is exploit data available from source Nvd, Is related to CWE-434 (Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type)", "title": "NCSC Score top decreasing factors" } ], "product_status": { "known_affected": [ "CSAFPID-5757215", "CSAFPID-5762367" ] }, "references": [ { "category": "external", "summary": "Source - nvd", "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-28289" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Source raw - nvd", "url": "https://services.nvd.nist.gov/rest/json/cves/2.0?cveId=CVE-2026-28289" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Source - cveprojectv5", "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-28289" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Source raw - cveprojectv5", "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/main/cves/2026/28xxx/CVE-2026-28289.json" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Source - securityweek", "url": "https://www.securityweek.com/critical-freescout-vulnerability-leads-to-full-server-compromise/" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Source - first", "url": "https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2026-28289" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Source raw - first", "url": "https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?limit=10000&offset=0" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Source - bleepingcomputer", "url": "https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/mail2shell-zero-click-attack-lets-hackers-hijack-freescout-mail-servers/" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Source - first", "url": "https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?limit=10000&offset=0" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "News - securityweek", "url": "https://www.securityweek.com/critical-freescout-vulnerability-leads-to-full-server-compromise/" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "News - bleepingcomputer", "url": "https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/mail2shell-zero-click-attack-lets-hackers-hijack-freescout-mail-servers/" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - cveprojectv5; nvd", "url": "https://github.com/freescout-help-desk/freescout/commit/f7bc16c56a6b13c06da52ad51fd666546b40818f" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - cveprojectv5; nvd", "url": "https://github.com/freescout-help-desk/freescout/security/advisories/GHSA-5gpc-65p8-ffwp" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - cveprojectv5; nvd", "url": "https://www.ox.security/blog/freescout-rce-cve-2026-28289/" } ], "scores": [ { "cvss_v3": { "version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "baseScore": 10.0, "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL" }, "products": [ "CSAFPID-5757215", "CSAFPID-5762367" ] } ], "title": "CVE-2026-28289" } ] }