{ "document": { "category": "csaf_base", "csaf_version": "2.0", "distribution": { "tlp": { "label": "WHITE" } }, "lang": "en", "notes": [ { "category": "legal_disclaimer", "text": "The Netherlands Cyber Security Center (henceforth: NCSC-NL) maintains this portal to enhance access to its information and vulnerabilities. The use of this information is subject to the following terms and conditions:\n\nThe vulnerabilities disclosed in this portal are gathered by NCSC-NL from a variety of open sources, which the user can retrieve from other platforms. NCSC-NL makes every reasonable effort to ensure that the content of this portal is kept up to date, and that it is accurate and complete. Nevertheless, NCSC-NL cannot entirely rule out the possibility of errors, and therefore cannot give any warranty in respect of its completeness, accuracy or real-time keeping up-to-date. NCSC-NL does not control nor guarantee the accuracy, relevance, timeliness or completeness of information obtained from these external sources. The vulnerabilities disclosed in this portal are intended solely for the convenience of professional parties to take appropriate measures to manage the risks posed to the cybersecurity. No rights can be derived from the information provided therein.\n\nNCSC-NL and the Kingdom of the Netherlands assume no legal liability or responsibility for any damage resulting from either the use or inability of use of the vulnerabilities disclosed in this portal. This includes damage resulting from the inaccuracy of incompleteness of the information contained in it.\nThe information on this page is subject to Dutch law. All disputes related to or arising from the use of this portal regarding the disclosure of vulnerabilities will be submitted to the competent court in The Hague. This choice of means also applies to the court in summary proceedings." } ], "publisher": { "category": "coordinator", "contact_details": "cert@ncsc.nl", "name": "National Cyber Security Centre", "namespace": "https://www.ncsc.nl/" }, "title": "CVE-2026-28456", "tracking": { "current_release_date": "2026-03-23T01:25:06.686932Z", "generator": { "date": "2026-02-17T15:00:00Z", "engine": { "name": "V.E.L.M.A", "version": "1.7" } }, "id": "CVE-2026-28456", "initial_release_date": "2026-03-05T22:28:05.200610Z", "revision_history": [ { "date": "2026-03-05T22:28:05.200610Z", "number": "1", "summary": "CVE created.| Source created.| CVE status created. (valid)| Description created for source.| CVSS created.| References created (4).| CWES updated (1)." }, { "date": "2026-03-05T22:28:06.415577Z", "number": "2", "summary": "NCSC Score created." }, { "date": "2026-03-05T22:39:06.065575Z", "number": "3", "summary": "Source created.| CVE status created. (valid)| Description created for source.| CVSS created.| Products created (1).| References created (4).| CWES updated (1)." }, { "date": "2026-03-05T22:39:08.129246Z", "number": "4", "summary": "NCSC Score updated." }, { "date": "2026-03-06T00:21:08.502565Z", "number": "5", "summary": "Source created.| CVE status created. (valid)| Description created for source.| CVSS created.| Products created (1).| References created (4).| CWES updated (1)." }, { "date": "2026-03-06T00:21:10.510583Z", "number": "6", "summary": "NCSC Score updated." }, { "date": "2026-03-06T06:20:53.373897Z", "number": "7", "summary": "CVSS created.| References created (2).| CWES updated (1)." }, { "date": "2026-03-06T06:21:06.130520Z", "number": "8", "summary": "NCSC Score updated." }, { "date": "2026-03-06T08:05:39.647640Z", "number": "9", "summary": "Source connected.| CVE status created. (valid)| Products connected (1).| References created (69)." }, { "date": "2026-03-06T08:05:42.130690Z", "number": "10", "summary": "NCSC Score updated." }, { "date": "2026-03-06T14:53:06.484786Z", "number": "11", "summary": "Source created.| CVE status created. (valid)| EPSS created." }, { "date": "2026-03-06T14:53:07.712515Z", "number": "12", "summary": "NCSC Score updated." }, { "date": "2026-03-06T17:25:31.201069Z", "number": "13", "summary": "CVSS updated." }, { "date": "2026-03-06T17:25:36.909605Z", "number": "14", "summary": "NCSC Score updated." }, { "date": "2026-03-06T17:39:04.897410Z", "number": "15", "summary": "CVSS updated." }, { "date": "2026-03-09T17:38:58.495429Z", "number": "16", "summary": "Unknown change." }, { "date": "2026-03-09T18:27:21.909679Z", "number": "17", "summary": "Products connected (1).| Product Identifiers created (1)." }, { "date": "2026-03-09T18:27:24.066659Z", "number": "18", "summary": "NCSC Score updated." }, { "date": "2026-03-20T09:37:13.250591Z", "number": "19", "summary": "Source connected.| CVE status created. (valid)| EPSS created." }, { "date": "2026-03-20T09:37:15.543321Z", "number": "20", "summary": "NCSC Score updated." } ], "status": "interim", "version": "20" } }, "product_tree": { "branches": [ { "branches": [ { "branches": [ { "category": "product_version_range", "name": "vers:unknown/<2026.2.14", "product": { "name": "vers:unknown/<2026.2.14", "product_id": "CSAFPID-5628215" } } ], "category": "product_name", "name": "OpenClaw" } ], "category": "vendor", "name": "Open Source" }, { "branches": [ { "branches": [ { "category": "product_version_range", "name": "vers:unknown/2026.1.5|<2026.2.14", "product": { "name": "vers:unknown/2026.1.5|<2026.2.14", "product_id": "CSAFPID-5763957" } } ], "category": "product_name", "name": "OpenClaw" } ], "category": "vendor", "name": "OpenClaw" }, { "branches": [ { "branches": [ { "category": "product_version_range", "name": "vers:unknown/>=2026.1.5|<2026.2.14", "product": { "name": "vers:unknown/>=2026.1.5|<2026.2.14", "product_id": "CSAFPID-5764096", "product_identification_helper": { "cpe": "cpe:2.3:a:openclaw:openclaw:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*" } } } ], "category": "product_name", "name": "openclaw" } ], "category": "vendor", "name": "openclaw" } ] }, "vulnerabilities": [ { "cve": "CVE-2026-28456", "cwe": { "id": "CWE-427", "name": "Uncontrolled Search Path Element" }, "notes": [ { "category": "description", "text": "OpenClaw versions 2026.1.5 prior to 2026.2.14 contain a vulnerability in the Gateway in which it does not sufficiently constrain configured hook module paths before passing them to dynamic import(), allowing code execution. An attacker with gateway configuration modification access can load and execute unintended local modules in the Node.js process.", "title": "nvd - https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-28456" }, { "category": "description", "text": "OpenClaw versions 2026.1.5 prior to 2026.2.14 contain a vulnerability in the Gateway in which it does not sufficiently constrain configured hook module paths before passing them to dynamic import(), allowing code execution. An attacker with gateway configuration modification access can load and execute unintended local modules in the Node.js process.", "title": "cveprojectv5 - https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-28456" }, { "category": "description", "text": "## Summary\n\nOpenClaw Gateway supports hook mappings with optional JavaScript/TypeScript transform modules. In affected versions, the gateway did not sufficiently constrain configured module paths before passing them to dynamic `import()`. Under some configurations, a user who can modify gateway configuration could cause the gateway process to load and execute an unintended local module.\n\n## Impact\n\nPotential code execution in the OpenClaw gateway Node.js process.\n\nThis requires access that can modify gateway configuration (for example via the gateway config endpoints). Treat such access as high privilege.\n\n## Affected Packages / Versions\n\n- npm package: `openclaw`\n- Affected: `>= 2026.1.5` and `<= 2026.2.13`\n\n## Patched Versions\n\n- `>= 2026.2.14`\n\n## Fix Commit(s)\n\n- `a0361b8ba959e8506dc79d638b6e6a00d12887e4` (restrict hook transform module loading)\n- `35c0e66ed057f1a9f7ad2515fdcef516bd6584ce` (harden hooks module loading)\n\n## Mitigation\n\n- Upgrade to `2026.2.14` or newer.\n- Avoid exposing gateway configuration endpoints to untrusted networks.\n- Review config for unsafe values:\n - `hooks.mappings[].transform.module`\n - `hooks.internal.handlers[].module`\n\nThanks @222n5 for reporting.", "title": "osv - https://www.googleapis.com/download/storage/v1/b/osv-vulnerabilities/o/npm%2FGHSA-v6c6-vqqg-w888.json?alt=media" }, { "category": "other", "text": "0.00089", "title": "EPSS" }, { "category": "other", "text": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X", "title": "CVSSV4" }, { "category": "other", "text": "8.6", "title": "CVSSV4 base score" }, { "category": "other", "text": "5.3", "title": "NCSC Score" }, { "category": "other", "text": "There is product data available from source Certbundde", "title": "NCSC Score top increasing factors" }, { "category": "other", "text": "The value of the most recent EPSS score", "title": "NCSC Score top decreasing factors" } ], "product_status": { "known_affected": [ "CSAFPID-5763957", "CSAFPID-5764096", "CSAFPID-5628215" ] }, "references": [ { "category": "external", "summary": "Source - nvd", "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-28456" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Source raw - nvd", "url": "https://services.nvd.nist.gov/rest/json/cves/2.0?cveId=CVE-2026-28456" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Source - cveprojectv5", "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-28456" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Source raw - cveprojectv5", "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/main/cves/2026/28xxx/CVE-2026-28456.json" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Source - osv", "url": "https://www.googleapis.com/download/storage/v1/b/osv-vulnerabilities/o/npm%2FGHSA-v6c6-vqqg-w888.json?alt=media" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Source - certbundde", "url": "https://wid.cert-bund.de/.well-known/csaf/white/2026/wid-sec-w-2026-0424.json" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Source - first", "url": "https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2026-28456" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Source raw - first", "url": "https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?limit=10000&offset=0" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Source - first", "url": "https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?limit=10000&offset=0" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - cveprojectv5; nvd; osv", "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/35c0e66ed057f1a9f7ad2515fdcef516bd6584ce" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - cveprojectv5; nvd; osv", "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/a0361b8ba959e8506dc79d638b6e6a00d12887e4" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - certbundde; cveprojectv5; nvd; osv", "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-v6c6-vqqg-w888" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - cveprojectv5; nvd; osv", "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-arbitrary-code-execution-via-unsafe-hook-module-path-handling" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - osv", "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/releases/tag/v2026.2.14" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - osv", "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-28456" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - certbundde", "url": "https://wid.cert-bund.de/.well-known/csaf/white/2026/wid-sec-w-2026-0424.json" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - certbundde", "url": "https://wid.cert-bund.de/portal/wid/securityadvisory?name=WID-SEC-2026-0424" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - certbundde", "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-33rq-m5x2-fvgf" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - certbundde", "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-3fqr-4cg8-h96q" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - certbundde", "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-3hcm-ggvf-rch5" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - certbundde", "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-3m3q-x3gj-f79x" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - certbundde", "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-4564-pvr2-qq4h" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - certbundde", "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-47q7-97xp-m272" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - certbundde", "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-4hg8-92x6-h2f3" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - certbundde", "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-4rj2-gpmh-qq5x" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - certbundde", "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-56f2-hvwg-5743" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - certbundde", "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-5xfq-5mr7-426q" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - certbundde", "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-64qx-vpxx-mvqf" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - certbundde", "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-782p-5fr5-7fj8" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - certbundde", "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-7q2j-c4q5-rm27" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - certbundde", "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-7rcp-mxpq-72pj" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - certbundde", "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-7vwx-582j-j332" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - certbundde", "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-7xhj-55q9-pc3m" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - certbundde", "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-8mh7-phf8-xgfm" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - certbundde", "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-943q-mwmv-hhvh" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - certbundde", "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-c37p-4qqg-3p76" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - certbundde", "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-chm2-m3w2-wcxm" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - certbundde", "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-cv7m-c9jx-vg7q" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - certbundde", "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-fhvm-j76f-qmjv" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - certbundde", "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-g27f-9qjv-22pm" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - certbundde", "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-g34w-4xqq-h79m" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - certbundde", "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-g6q9-8fvw-f7rf" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - certbundde", "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-gq9c-wg68-gwj2" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - certbundde", "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-gv46-4xfq-jv58" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - certbundde", "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-h3f9-mjwj-w476" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - certbundde", "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-h89v-j3x9-8wqj" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - certbundde", "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-h9g4-589h-68xv" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - certbundde", "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-hv93-r4j3-q65f" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - certbundde", "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-j27p-hq53-9wgc" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - certbundde", "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-jfv4-h8mc-jcp8" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - certbundde", "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-jmm5-fvh5-gf4p" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - certbundde", "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-jqpq-mgvm-f9r6" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - certbundde", "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-jrvc-8ff5-2f9f" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - certbundde", "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-m7x8-2w3w-pr42" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - certbundde", "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-mj5r-hh7j-4gxf" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - certbundde", "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-mp5h-m6qj-6292" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - certbundde", "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-mqpw-46fh-299h" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - certbundde", "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-mr32-vwc2-5j6h" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - certbundde", "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-mv9j-6xhh-g383" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - certbundde", "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-p25h-9q54-ffvw" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - certbundde", "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-pchc-86f6-8758" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - certbundde", "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-pg2v-8xwh-qhcc" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - certbundde", "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-pv58-549p-qh99" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - certbundde", "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-q447-rj3r-2cgh" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - certbundde", "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-qj77-c3c8-9c3q" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - certbundde", "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-qpjj-47vm-64pj" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - certbundde", "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-qrq5-wjgg-rvqw" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - certbundde", "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-qw99-grcx-4pvm" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - certbundde", "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-r5h9-vjqc-hq3r" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - certbundde", "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-rmxw-jxxx-4cpc" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - certbundde", "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-rq6g-px6m-c248" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - certbundde", "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-rv39-79c4-7459" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - certbundde", "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-rwj8-p9vq-25gv" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - certbundde", "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-v773-r54f-q32w" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - certbundde", "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-v892-hwpg-jwqp" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - certbundde", "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-w2cg-vxx6-5xjg" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - certbundde", "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-w5c7-9qqw-6645" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - certbundde", "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-wfp2-v9c7-fh79" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - certbundde", "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-x22m-j5qq-j49m" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - certbundde", "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-xc7w-v5x6-cc87" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - certbundde", "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-xvhf-x56f-2hpp" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - certbundde", "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-xw4p-pw82-hqr7" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - certbundde", "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-xwjm-j929-xq7c" } ], "scores": [ { "cvss_v3": { "version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "baseScore": 7.2, "baseSeverity": "HIGH" }, "products": [ "CSAFPID-5628215", "CSAFPID-5763957", "CSAFPID-5764096" ] } ], "title": "CVE-2026-28456" } ] }