{
    "document": {
        "category": "csaf_base",
        "csaf_version": "2.0",
        "distribution": {
            "tlp": {
                "label": "WHITE"
            }
        },
        "lang": "en",
        "notes": [
            {
                "category": "legal_disclaimer",
                "text": "The Netherlands Cyber Security Center (henceforth: NCSC-NL) maintains this portal to enhance access to its information and vulnerabilities. The use of this information is subject to the following terms and conditions:\n\nThe vulnerabilities disclosed in this portal are gathered by NCSC-NL from a variety of open sources, which the user can retrieve from other platforms. NCSC-NL makes every reasonable effort to ensure that the content of this portal is kept up to date, and that it is accurate and complete. Nevertheless, NCSC-NL cannot entirely rule out the possibility of errors, and therefore cannot give any warranty in respect of its completeness, accuracy or real-time keeping up-to-date. NCSC-NL does not control nor guarantee the accuracy, relevance, timeliness or completeness of information obtained from these external sources. The vulnerabilities disclosed in this portal are intended solely for the convenience of professional parties to take appropriate measures to manage the risks posed to the cybersecurity. No rights can be derived from the information provided therein.\n\nNCSC-NL and the Kingdom of the Netherlands assume no legal liability or responsibility for any damage resulting from either the use or inability of use of the vulnerabilities disclosed in this portal. This includes damage resulting from the inaccuracy of incompleteness of the information contained in it.\nThe information on this page is subject to Dutch law. All disputes related to or arising from the use of this portal regarding the disclosure of vulnerabilities will be submitted to the competent court in The Hague. This choice of means also applies to the court in summary proceedings."
            }
        ],
        "publisher": {
            "category": "coordinator",
            "contact_details": "cert@ncsc.nl",
            "name": "National Cyber Security Centre",
            "namespace": "https://www.ncsc.nl/"
        },
        "title": "CVE-2026-28481",
        "tracking": {
            "current_release_date": "2026-03-23T10:47:45.288087Z",
            "generator": {
                "date": "2026-02-17T15:00:00Z",
                "engine": {
                    "name": "V.E.L.M.A",
                    "version": "1.7"
                }
            },
            "id": "CVE-2026-28481",
            "initial_release_date": "2026-03-05T22:29:15.274009Z",
            "revision_history": [
                {
                    "date": "2026-03-05T22:29:15.274009Z",
                    "number": "1",
                    "summary": "CVE created.| Source created.| CVE status created. (valid)| Description created for source.| CVSS created.| References created (3).| CWES updated (1)."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-03-05T22:29:17.720241Z",
                    "number": "2",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score created."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-03-05T22:38:49.133950Z",
                    "number": "3",
                    "summary": "Source created.| CVE status created. (valid)| Description created for source.| CVSS created.| Products created (1).| References created (3).| CWES updated (1)."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-03-05T22:38:56.405125Z",
                    "number": "4",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-03-05T23:25:28.962052Z",
                    "number": "5",
                    "summary": "CVSS updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-03-06T00:20:58.954043Z",
                    "number": "6",
                    "summary": "Source created.| CVE status created. (valid)| Description created for source.| CVSS created.| Products connected (1).| References created (3).| CWES updated (1)."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-03-06T00:21:04.174855Z",
                    "number": "7",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-03-06T06:20:57.029275Z",
                    "number": "8",
                    "summary": "CVSS created.| References created (2)."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-03-06T06:21:04.400862Z",
                    "number": "9",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-03-06T07:35:09.842122Z",
                    "number": "10",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-03-06T08:05:51.493560Z",
                    "number": "11",
                    "summary": "Source connected.| CVE status created. (valid)| Products connected (1).| References created (69)."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-03-06T08:05:53.488261Z",
                    "number": "12",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-03-06T14:53:00.540261Z",
                    "number": "13",
                    "summary": "Source created.| CVE status created. (valid)| EPSS created."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-03-06T14:53:03.884083Z",
                    "number": "14",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-03-06T17:26:16.854932Z",
                    "number": "15",
                    "summary": "CVSS updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-03-06T17:26:21.642172Z",
                    "number": "16",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-03-06T17:38:41.173646Z",
                    "number": "17",
                    "summary": "CVSS updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-03-09T21:38:55.359516Z",
                    "number": "18",
                    "summary": "Unknown change."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-03-09T21:38:57.442674Z",
                    "number": "19",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-03-17T18:25:05.420334Z",
                    "number": "20",
                    "summary": "Products created (1).| Product Identifiers created (1)."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-03-17T18:25:08.753943Z",
                    "number": "21",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-03-20T09:36:58.888324Z",
                    "number": "22",
                    "summary": "Source connected.| CVE status created. (valid)| EPSS created."
                }
            ],
            "status": "interim",
            "version": "22"
        }
    },
    "product_tree": {
        "branches": [
            {
                "branches": [
                    {
                        "branches": [
                            {
                                "category": "product_version_range",
                                "name": "vers:unknown/<2026.2.14",
                                "product": {
                                    "name": "vers:unknown/<2026.2.14",
                                    "product_id": "CSAFPID-5628215"
                                }
                            }
                        ],
                        "category": "product_name",
                        "name": "OpenClaw"
                    }
                ],
                "category": "vendor",
                "name": "Open Source"
            },
            {
                "branches": [
                    {
                        "branches": [
                            {
                                "category": "product_version_range",
                                "name": "vers:unknown/<=2026.1.30",
                                "product": {
                                    "name": "vers:unknown/<=2026.1.30",
                                    "product_id": "CSAFPID-5763940"
                                }
                            }
                        ],
                        "category": "product_name",
                        "name": "OpenClaw"
                    }
                ],
                "category": "vendor",
                "name": "OpenClaw"
            },
            {
                "branches": [
                    {
                        "branches": [
                            {
                                "category": "product_version_range",
                                "name": "vers:unknown/<=2026.1.30",
                                "product": {
                                    "name": "vers:unknown/<=2026.1.30",
                                    "product_id": "CSAFPID-5838459",
                                    "product_identification_helper": {
                                        "cpe": "cpe:2.3:a:openclaw:openclaw:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*"
                                    }
                                }
                            },
                            {
                                "category": "product_version_range",
                                "name": "vers:unknown/>=0|<2026.2.1",
                                "product": {
                                    "name": "vers:unknown/>=0|<2026.2.1",
                                    "product_id": "CSAFPID-5626748"
                                }
                            }
                        ],
                        "category": "product_name",
                        "name": "openclaw"
                    }
                ],
                "category": "vendor",
                "name": "openclaw"
            }
        ]
    },
    "vulnerabilities": [
        {
            "cve": "CVE-2026-28481",
            "cwe": {
                "id": "CWE-201",
                "name": "Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Sent Data"
            },
            "notes": [
                {
                    "category": "description",
                    "text": "OpenClaw versions 2026.1.30 and earlier, contain an information disclosure vulnerability, patched in 2026.2.1, in the MS Teams attachment downloader (optional extension must be enabled) that leaks bearer tokens to allowlisted suffix domains. When retrying downloads after receiving 401 or 403 responses, the application sends Authorization bearer tokens to untrusted hosts matching the permissive suffix-based allowlist, enabling token theft.",
                    "title": "nvd - https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-28481"
                },
                {
                    "category": "description",
                    "text": "OpenClaw versions 2026.1.30 and earlier, contain an information disclosure vulnerability, patched in 2026.2.1, in the MS Teams attachment downloader (optional extension must be enabled) that leaks bearer tokens to allowlisted suffix domains. When retrying downloads after receiving 401 or 403 responses, the application sends Authorization bearer tokens to untrusted hosts matching the permissive suffix-based allowlist, enabling token theft.",
                    "title": "cveprojectv5 - https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-28481"
                },
                {
                    "category": "description",
                    "text": "## Summary\n\nNOTE: This only affects deployments that enable the optional MS Teams extension (Teams channel). If you do not use MS Teams, you are not impacted.\n\nWhen OpenClaw downloads inbound MS Teams attachments / inline images, it may retry a URL with an `Authorization: Bearer <token>` header after receiving `401` or `403`.\n\nBecause the default download allowlist uses suffix matching (and includes some multi-tenant suffix domains), a message that references an untrusted but allowlisted host could cause that bearer token to be sent to the wrong place.\n\n## Affected Packages / Versions\n\n- Package: `openclaw` (npm)\n- Vulnerable: `<= 2026.1.30`\n- Patched: `>= 2026.2.1`\n\n## Fix\n\n- Fix commit: `41cc5bcd4f1d434ad1bbdfa55b56f25025ecbf6b`\n- Upgrade to `openclaw >= 2026.2.1`\n\n## Workarounds\n\n- If you do not need MS Teams, disable the MS Teams extension.\n- If you must stay on an older version, ensure the auth host allowlist is strict (only Microsoft-owned endpoints that require auth) and avoid wildcard or broad suffix entries.\n\n## Credits\n\nThanks @yueyueL for reporting.",
                    "title": "osv - https://www.googleapis.com/download/storage/v1/b/osv-vulnerabilities/o/npm%2FGHSA-7vwx-582j-j332.json?alt=media"
                },
                {
                    "category": "other",
                    "text": "0.00033",
                    "title": "EPSS"
                },
                {
                    "category": "other",
                    "text": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:A/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
                    "title": "CVSSV4"
                },
                {
                    "category": "other",
                    "text": "5.9",
                    "title": "CVSSV4 base score"
                },
                {
                    "category": "other",
                    "text": "5.2",
                    "title": "NCSC Score"
                },
                {
                    "category": "other",
                    "text": "There is product data available from source Certbundde",
                    "title": "NCSC Score top increasing factors"
                },
                {
                    "category": "other",
                    "text": "The value of the most recent EPSS score",
                    "title": "NCSC Score top decreasing factors"
                }
            ],
            "product_status": {
                "known_affected": [
                    "CSAFPID-5763940",
                    "CSAFPID-5626748",
                    "CSAFPID-5628215",
                    "CSAFPID-5838459"
                ]
            },
            "references": [
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Source - nvd",
                    "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-28481"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Source raw - nvd",
                    "url": "https://services.nvd.nist.gov/rest/json/cves/2.0?cveId=CVE-2026-28481"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Source - cveprojectv5",
                    "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-28481"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Source raw - cveprojectv5",
                    "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/main/cves/2026/28xxx/CVE-2026-28481.json"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Source - osv",
                    "url": "https://www.googleapis.com/download/storage/v1/b/osv-vulnerabilities/o/npm%2FGHSA-7vwx-582j-j332.json?alt=media"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Source - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://wid.cert-bund.de/.well-known/csaf/white/2026/wid-sec-w-2026-0424.json"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Source - first",
                    "url": "https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2026-28481"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Source raw - first",
                    "url": "https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?limit=10000&offset=0"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Source - first",
                    "url": "https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?limit=10000&offset=0"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - cveprojectv5; nvd; osv",
                    "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/41cc5bcd4f1d434ad1bbdfa55b56f25025ecbf6b"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde; cveprojectv5; nvd; osv",
                    "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-7vwx-582j-j332"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - cveprojectv5; nvd; osv",
                    "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-bearer-token-leakage-via-ms-teams-attachment-downloader-suffix-matching"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - osv",
                    "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/releases/tag/v2026.2.1"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - osv",
                    "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-28481"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://wid.cert-bund.de/.well-known/csaf/white/2026/wid-sec-w-2026-0424.json"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://wid.cert-bund.de/portal/wid/securityadvisory?name=WID-SEC-2026-0424"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-33rq-m5x2-fvgf"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-3fqr-4cg8-h96q"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-3hcm-ggvf-rch5"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-3m3q-x3gj-f79x"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-4564-pvr2-qq4h"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-47q7-97xp-m272"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-4hg8-92x6-h2f3"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-4rj2-gpmh-qq5x"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-56f2-hvwg-5743"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-5xfq-5mr7-426q"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-64qx-vpxx-mvqf"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-782p-5fr5-7fj8"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-7q2j-c4q5-rm27"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-7rcp-mxpq-72pj"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-7xhj-55q9-pc3m"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-8mh7-phf8-xgfm"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-943q-mwmv-hhvh"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-c37p-4qqg-3p76"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-chm2-m3w2-wcxm"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-cv7m-c9jx-vg7q"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-fhvm-j76f-qmjv"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-g27f-9qjv-22pm"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-g34w-4xqq-h79m"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-g6q9-8fvw-f7rf"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-gq9c-wg68-gwj2"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-gv46-4xfq-jv58"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-h3f9-mjwj-w476"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-h89v-j3x9-8wqj"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-h9g4-589h-68xv"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-hv93-r4j3-q65f"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-j27p-hq53-9wgc"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-jfv4-h8mc-jcp8"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-jmm5-fvh5-gf4p"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-jqpq-mgvm-f9r6"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-jrvc-8ff5-2f9f"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-m7x8-2w3w-pr42"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-mj5r-hh7j-4gxf"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-mp5h-m6qj-6292"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-mqpw-46fh-299h"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-mr32-vwc2-5j6h"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-mv9j-6xhh-g383"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-p25h-9q54-ffvw"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-pchc-86f6-8758"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-pg2v-8xwh-qhcc"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-pv58-549p-qh99"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-q447-rj3r-2cgh"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-qj77-c3c8-9c3q"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-qpjj-47vm-64pj"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-qrq5-wjgg-rvqw"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-qw99-grcx-4pvm"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-r5h9-vjqc-hq3r"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-rmxw-jxxx-4cpc"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-rq6g-px6m-c248"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-rv39-79c4-7459"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-rwj8-p9vq-25gv"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-v6c6-vqqg-w888"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-v773-r54f-q32w"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-v892-hwpg-jwqp"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-w2cg-vxx6-5xjg"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-w5c7-9qqw-6645"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-wfp2-v9c7-fh79"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-x22m-j5qq-j49m"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-xc7w-v5x6-cc87"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-xvhf-x56f-2hpp"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-xw4p-pw82-hqr7"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - certbundde",
                    "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-xwjm-j929-xq7c"
                }
            ],
            "scores": [
                {
                    "cvss_v3": {
                        "version": "3.1",
                        "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N",
                        "baseScore": 7.4,
                        "baseSeverity": "HIGH"
                    },
                    "products": [
                        "CSAFPID-5626748",
                        "CSAFPID-5628215",
                        "CSAFPID-5763940",
                        "CSAFPID-5838459"
                    ]
                }
            ],
            "title": "CVE-2026-28481"
        }
    ]
}