{
"document": {
"category": "csaf_base",
"csaf_version": "2.0",
"distribution": {
"tlp": {
"label": "WHITE"
}
},
"lang": "en",
"notes": [
{
"category": "legal_disclaimer",
"text": "The Netherlands Cyber Security Center (henceforth: NCSC-NL) maintains this portal to enhance access to its information and vulnerabilities. The use of this information is subject to the following terms and conditions:\n\nThe vulnerabilities disclosed in this portal are gathered by NCSC-NL from a variety of open sources, which the user can retrieve from other platforms. NCSC-NL makes every reasonable effort to ensure that the content of this portal is kept up to date, and that it is accurate and complete. Nevertheless, NCSC-NL cannot entirely rule out the possibility of errors, and therefore cannot give any warranty in respect of its completeness, accuracy or real-time keeping up-to-date. NCSC-NL does not control nor guarantee the accuracy, relevance, timeliness or completeness of information obtained from these external sources. The vulnerabilities disclosed in this portal are intended solely for the convenience of professional parties to take appropriate measures to manage the risks posed to the cybersecurity. No rights can be derived from the information provided therein.\n\nNCSC-NL and the Kingdom of the Netherlands assume no legal liability or responsibility for any damage resulting from either the use or inability of use of the vulnerabilities disclosed in this portal. This includes damage resulting from the inaccuracy of incompleteness of the information contained in it.\nThe information on this page is subject to Dutch law. All disputes related to or arising from the use of this portal regarding the disclosure of vulnerabilities will be submitted to the competent court in The Hague. This choice of means also applies to the court in summary proceedings."
}
],
"publisher": {
"category": "coordinator",
"contact_details": "cert@ncsc.nl",
"name": "National Cyber Security Centre",
"namespace": "https://www.ncsc.nl/"
},
"title": "CVE-2026-28792",
"tracking": {
"current_release_date": "2026-03-23T03:04:27.374165Z",
"generator": {
"date": "2026-02-17T15:00:00Z",
"engine": {
"name": "V.E.L.M.A",
"version": "1.7"
}
},
"id": "CVE-2026-28792",
"initial_release_date": "2026-03-12T17:26:22.505633Z",
"revision_history": [
{
"date": "2026-03-12T17:26:22.505633Z",
"number": "1",
"summary": "CVE created.| Source created.| CVE status created. (valid)| Description created for source.| CVSS created.| References created (1).| CWES updated (1)."
},
{
"date": "2026-03-12T17:26:29.141040Z",
"number": "2",
"summary": "NCSC Score created."
},
{
"date": "2026-03-12T17:38:36.831859Z",
"number": "3",
"summary": "Source created.| CVE status created. (valid)| Description created for source.| CVSS created.| Products created (1).| References created (1).| CWES updated (1)."
},
{
"date": "2026-03-12T17:38:46.422879Z",
"number": "4",
"summary": "NCSC Score updated."
},
{
"date": "2026-03-12T20:46:36.335010Z",
"number": "5",
"summary": "Source created.| CVE status created. (valid)| Description created for source.| CVSS created.| References created (6).| CWES updated (1)."
},
{
"date": "2026-03-12T20:46:43.158714Z",
"number": "6",
"summary": "NCSC Score updated."
},
{
"date": "2026-03-13T14:15:41.569830Z",
"number": "7",
"summary": "Source created.| CVE status created. (valid)| EPSS created."
},
{
"date": "2026-03-13T16:39:29.174240Z",
"number": "8",
"summary": "Unknown change."
},
{
"date": "2026-03-13T20:27:19.507915Z",
"number": "9",
"summary": "Products created (1).| Product Identifiers created (1).| Exploits created (1)."
},
{
"date": "2026-03-13T20:27:30.348013Z",
"number": "10",
"summary": "NCSC Score updated."
},
{
"date": "2026-03-19T15:30:01.964995Z",
"number": "11",
"summary": "Source created.| CVE status created. (valid)| Description created for source.| CVSS created.| References created (6).| CWES updated (1)."
},
{
"date": "2026-03-19T15:30:07.358632Z",
"number": "12",
"summary": "NCSC Score updated."
},
{
"date": "2026-03-20T09:36:03.350351Z",
"number": "13",
"summary": "Source connected.| CVE status created. (valid)| EPSS created."
},
{
"date": "2026-03-23T03:04:09.921876Z",
"number": "14",
"summary": "NCSC Score updated."
}
],
"status": "interim",
"version": "14"
}
},
"product_tree": {
"branches": [
{
"branches": [
{
"branches": [
{
"category": "product_version_range",
"name": "vers:unknown/<2.1.8",
"product": {
"name": "vers:unknown/<2.1.8",
"product_id": "CSAFPID-5810529"
}
}
],
"category": "product_name",
"name": "cli"
}
],
"category": "vendor",
"name": "@tinacms"
},
{
"branches": [
{
"branches": [
{
"category": "product_version_range",
"name": "vers:unknown/<2.1.8",
"product": {
"name": "vers:unknown/<2.1.8",
"product_id": "CSAFPID-5825717",
"product_identification_helper": {
"cpe": "cpe:2.3:a:ssw:tinacms\\/cli:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*"
}
}
}
],
"category": "product_name",
"name": "tinacms\\/cli"
}
],
"category": "vendor",
"name": "ssw"
}
]
},
"vulnerabilities": [
{
"cve": "CVE-2026-28792",
"cwe": {
"id": "CWE-22",
"name": "Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')"
},
"notes": [
{
"category": "description",
"text": "Tina is a headless content management system. Prior to 2.1.8 , the TinaCMS CLI dev server combines a permissive CORS configuration (Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *) with the path traversal vulnerability (previously reported) to enable a browser-based drive-by attack. A remote attacker can enumerate the filesystem, write arbitrary files, and delete arbitrary files on developer's machines by simply tricking them into visiting a malicious website while tinacms dev is running. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.1.8.",
"title": "nvd - https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-28792"
},
{
"category": "description",
"text": "Tina is a headless content management system. Prior to 2.1.8 , the TinaCMS CLI dev server combines a permissive CORS configuration (Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *) with the path traversal vulnerability (previously reported) to enable a browser-based drive-by attack. A remote attacker can enumerate the filesystem, write arbitrary files, and delete arbitrary files on developer's machines by simply tricking them into visiting a malicious website while tinacms dev is running. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.1.8.",
"title": "cveprojectv5 - https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-28792"
},
{
"category": "description",
"text": "## Summary\nThe TinaCMS CLI dev server combines a permissive CORS configuration (Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *) with the path traversal vulnerability (previously reported) to enable a browser-based drive-by attack. A remote attacker can enumerate the filesystem, write arbitrary files, and delete arbitrary files on developer's machines by simply tricking them into visiting a malicious website while tinacms dev is running.\n\n## Details\nThe TinaCMS dev server sets permissive CORS headers that allow **any origin** to make cross-origin requests:\n\n- packages/@tinacms/cli/src/server/server.ts:\n```\n app.use(cors());\n```\n\n- packages/@tinacms/cli/src/next/vite/plugins.ts:\n```\n server.middlewares.use(cors());\n```\nWhen combined with the path traversal vulnerability, this creates a complete attack chain.\n## Attack Scenario\n\n### Prerequisites\n1. Developer runs `tinacms dev` (default port 4001) \n2. Developer visits attacker's website while TinaCMS is running\n\n**No other conditions required** - the dev server doesn't need to be:\n- Exposed to the internet\n- Bound to 0.0.0.0\n- Accessible outside localhost\n\n### Attack Flow\n1. Developer starts TinaCMS: `tinacms dev`\n2. Developer browses the web (checking email, social media, etc.)\n3. Developer unknowingly visits attacker-controlled page (malicious ad, compromised site, etc.)\n4. Attacker's JavaScript exploits CORS + path traversal to read sensitive files\n5. Files are exfiltrated to attacker's server\n\n## PoC\n### Attacker's Malicious Website (evil.html):\n```\n\n```\n### Demonstration\n\n**Step 1:** Start TinaCMS dev server\n```bash\ntinacms dev\n# Server running on http://localhost:4001\n```\n\n**Step 2:** Host evil.html on attacker server\n```bash\npython3 -m http.server 8000\n```\n\n**Step 3:** Developer visits `http://attacker-server:8000/evil.html`\n\n**Result:** The browser makes cross-origin requests to localhost:4001.\nBecause cors() returns Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *, the browser\nallows the JavaScript to read the responses. Directory listings from\noutside the media directory are sent to the attacker's server.\n![\"image\"](\"https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/72fdd31d-dd93-4728-9a4b-4d7d66d33617\")
\n\n\n## Impact\n### Who is affected\nEvery developer running `tinacms dev` is vulnerable while the dev server is active. No special configuration is required the default setup is exploitable.\n\n### What an attacker achieves\nBy hosting a malicious webpage (or injecting script via a compromised ad network, XSS on a forum, etc.), the attacker can silently:\n\n1. **Enumerate the developer's filesystem** directory listings via `/media/list/` with path traversal reveal file and folder names\n across the entire filesystem\n2. **Discover sensitive files** locate `.env`, `.git/config`, SSH keys, cloud credentials, database configs\n3. **Write arbitrary files** via `/media/upload/` with path traversal, the attacker can overwrite project source files, inject backdoors, or modify build scripts\n4. **Delete arbitrary files** via `/media/` DELETE with path traversal",
"title": "github - https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-8pw3-9m7f-q734"
},
{
"category": "description",
"text": "## Summary\nThe TinaCMS CLI dev server combines a permissive CORS configuration (Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *) with the path traversal vulnerability (previously reported) to enable a browser-based drive-by attack. A remote attacker can enumerate the filesystem, write arbitrary files, and delete arbitrary files on developer's machines by simply tricking them into visiting a malicious website while tinacms dev is running.\n\n## Details\nThe TinaCMS dev server sets permissive CORS headers that allow **any origin** to make cross-origin requests:\n\n- packages/@tinacms/cli/src/server/server.ts:\n```\n app.use(cors());\n```\n\n- packages/@tinacms/cli/src/next/vite/plugins.ts:\n```\n server.middlewares.use(cors());\n```\nWhen combined with the path traversal vulnerability, this creates a complete attack chain.\n## Attack Scenario\n\n### Prerequisites\n1. Developer runs `tinacms dev` (default port 4001) \n2. Developer visits attacker's website while TinaCMS is running\n\n**No other conditions required** - the dev server doesn't need to be:\n- Exposed to the internet\n- Bound to 0.0.0.0\n- Accessible outside localhost\n\n### Attack Flow\n1. Developer starts TinaCMS: `tinacms dev`\n2. Developer browses the web (checking email, social media, etc.)\n3. Developer unknowingly visits attacker-controlled page (malicious ad, compromised site, etc.)\n4. Attacker's JavaScript exploits CORS + path traversal to read sensitive files\n5. Files are exfiltrated to attacker's server\n\n## PoC\n### Attacker's Malicious Website (evil.html):\n```\n\n```\n### Demonstration\n\n**Step 1:** Start TinaCMS dev server\n```bash\ntinacms dev\n# Server running on http://localhost:4001\n```\n\n**Step 2:** Host evil.html on attacker server\n```bash\npython3 -m http.server 8000\n```\n\n**Step 3:** Developer visits `http://attacker-server:8000/evil.html`\n\n**Result:** The browser makes cross-origin requests to localhost:4001.\nBecause cors() returns Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *, the browser\nallows the JavaScript to read the responses. Directory listings from\noutside the media directory are sent to the attacker's server.\n\n\n\n## Impact\n### Who is affected\nEvery developer running `tinacms dev` is vulnerable while the dev server is active. No special configuration is required the default setup is exploitable.\n\n### What an attacker achieves\nBy hosting a malicious webpage (or injecting script via a compromised ad network, XSS on a forum, etc.), the attacker can silently:\n\n1. **Enumerate the developer's filesystem** directory listings via `/media/list/` with path traversal reveal file and folder names\n across the entire filesystem\n2. **Discover sensitive files** locate `.env`, `.git/config`, SSH keys, cloud credentials, database configs\n3. **Write arbitrary files** via `/media/upload/` with path traversal, the attacker can overwrite project source files, inject backdoors, or modify build scripts\n4. **Delete arbitrary files** via `/media/` DELETE with path traversal",
"title": "github - https://api.github.com/advisories/GHSA-8pw3-9m7f-q734"
},
{
"category": "other",
"text": "0.00284",
"title": "EPSS"
},
{
"category": "other",
"text": "3.6",
"title": "NCSC Score"
},
{
"category": "other",
"text": "Exploit code publicly available, Is related to (a version of) an uncommon product, There is exploit data available from source Nvd",
"title": "NCSC Score top decreasing factors"
}
],
"product_status": {
"known_affected": [
"CSAFPID-5810529",
"CSAFPID-5825717"
]
},
"references": [
{
"category": "external",
"summary": "Source - nvd",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-28792"
},
{
"category": "external",
"summary": "Source raw - nvd",
"url": "https://services.nvd.nist.gov/rest/json/cves/2.0?cveId=CVE-2026-28792"
},
{
"category": "external",
"summary": "Source - cveprojectv5",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-28792"
},
{
"category": "external",
"summary": "Source raw - cveprojectv5",
"url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/main/cves/2026/28xxx/CVE-2026-28792.json"
},
{
"category": "external",
"summary": "Source - github",
"url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-8pw3-9m7f-q734"
},
{
"category": "external",
"summary": "Source raw - github",
"url": "https://api.github.com/advisories/GHSA-8pw3-9m7f-q734"
},
{
"category": "external",
"summary": "Source - first",
"url": "https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2026-28792"
},
{
"category": "external",
"summary": "Source raw - first",
"url": "https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?limit=10000&offset=0"
},
{
"category": "external",
"summary": "Source - github",
"url": "https://api.github.com/advisories/GHSA-8pw3-9m7f-q734"
},
{
"category": "external",
"summary": "Source - first",
"url": "https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?limit=10000&offset=0"
},
{
"category": "external",
"summary": "Reference - cveprojectv5; github; nvd",
"url": "https://github.com/tinacms/tinacms/security/advisories/GHSA-8pw3-9m7f-q734"
},
{
"category": "external",
"summary": "Reference - github",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-28792"
},
{
"category": "external",
"summary": "Reference - github",
"url": "https://github.com/tinacms/tinacms/pull/6450"
},
{
"category": "external",
"summary": "Reference - github",
"url": "https://github.com/tinacms/tinacms/commit/56d533e610a520ba66b3e58f3a0dc03487d5d5d7"
},
{
"category": "external",
"summary": "Reference - github",
"url": "https://github.com/tinacms/tinacms/releases/tag/%40tinacms%2Fcli%402.1.8"
},
{
"category": "external",
"summary": "Reference - github",
"url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-8pw3-9m7f-q734"
}
],
"scores": [
{
"cvss_v3": {
"version": "3.1",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"baseScore": 9.6,
"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL"
},
"products": [
"CSAFPID-5810529",
"CSAFPID-5825717"
]
}
],
"title": "CVE-2026-28792"
}
]
}