{
    "document": {
        "category": "csaf_base",
        "csaf_version": "2.0",
        "distribution": {
            "tlp": {
                "label": "WHITE"
            }
        },
        "lang": "en",
        "notes": [
            {
                "category": "legal_disclaimer",
                "text": "The Netherlands Cyber Security Center (henceforth: NCSC-NL) maintains this portal to enhance access to its information and vulnerabilities. The use of this information is subject to the following terms and conditions:\n\nThe vulnerabilities disclosed in this portal are gathered by NCSC-NL from a variety of open sources, which the user can retrieve from other platforms. NCSC-NL makes every reasonable effort to ensure that the content of this portal is kept up to date, and that it is accurate and complete. Nevertheless, NCSC-NL cannot entirely rule out the possibility of errors, and therefore cannot give any warranty in respect of its completeness, accuracy or real-time keeping up-to-date. NCSC-NL does not control nor guarantee the accuracy, relevance, timeliness or completeness of information obtained from these external sources. The vulnerabilities disclosed in this portal are intended solely for the convenience of professional parties to take appropriate measures to manage the risks posed to the cybersecurity. No rights can be derived from the information provided therein.\n\nNCSC-NL and the Kingdom of the Netherlands assume no legal liability or responsibility for any damage resulting from either the use or inability of use of the vulnerabilities disclosed in this portal. This includes damage resulting from the inaccuracy of incompleteness of the information contained in it.\nThe information on this page is subject to Dutch law. All disputes related to or arising from the use of this portal regarding the disclosure of vulnerabilities will be submitted to the competent court in The Hague. This choice of means also applies to the court in summary proceedings."
            }
        ],
        "publisher": {
            "category": "coordinator",
            "contact_details": "cert@ncsc.nl",
            "name": "National Cyber Security Centre",
            "namespace": "https://www.ncsc.nl/"
        },
        "title": "CVE-2026-32231",
        "tracking": {
            "current_release_date": "2026-03-22T16:18:42.324424Z",
            "generator": {
                "date": "2026-02-17T15:00:00Z",
                "engine": {
                    "name": "V.E.L.M.A",
                    "version": "1.7"
                }
            },
            "id": "CVE-2026-32231",
            "initial_release_date": "2026-03-12T16:53:40.334430Z",
            "revision_history": [
                {
                    "date": "2026-03-12T16:53:40.334430Z",
                    "number": "1",
                    "summary": "CVE created.| Source created.| CVE status created. (valid)| Description created for source.| CVSS created.| References created (5).| CWES updated (1)."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-03-12T16:53:46.610553Z",
                    "number": "2",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score created."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-03-12T18:38:39.532933Z",
                    "number": "3",
                    "summary": "Source created.| CVE status created. (valid)| Description created for source.| CVSS created.| Products created (1).| References created (4).| CWES updated (1)."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-03-12T18:38:42.558376Z",
                    "number": "4",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-03-12T19:26:09.767608Z",
                    "number": "5",
                    "summary": "Source created.| CVE status created. (valid)| Description created for source.| CVSS created.| References created (4).| CWES updated (1)."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-03-12T19:26:13.735967Z",
                    "number": "6",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-03-12T21:38:48.833133Z",
                    "number": "7",
                    "summary": "Unknown change."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-03-13T13:39:46.729779Z",
                    "number": "8",
                    "summary": "References created (1)."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-03-13T14:13:36.692014Z",
                    "number": "9",
                    "summary": "Source created.| CVE status created. (valid)| EPSS created."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-03-13T14:13:38.915526Z",
                    "number": "10",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-03-16T03:27:10.774807Z",
                    "number": "11",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score updated."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-03-19T15:30:11.687132Z",
                    "number": "12",
                    "summary": "Source created.| CVE status created. (valid)| Description created for source.| CVSS created.| References created (6).| CWES updated (1)."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-03-20T09:31:35.722673Z",
                    "number": "13",
                    "summary": "Source connected.| CVE status created. (valid)| EPSS created."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-03-20T18:35:01.303769Z",
                    "number": "14",
                    "summary": "Source created.| CVE status created. (valid)| Description created for source.| CVSS created.| Products created (1).| Product Identifiers created (1).| Exploits created (1).| References created (4).| CWES updated (1)."
                },
                {
                    "date": "2026-03-20T18:35:06.087322Z",
                    "number": "15",
                    "summary": "NCSC Score updated."
                }
            ],
            "status": "interim",
            "version": "15"
        }
    },
    "product_tree": {
        "branches": [
            {
                "branches": [
                    {
                        "branches": [
                            {
                                "category": "product_version_range",
                                "name": "vers:unknown/<0.7.6",
                                "product": {
                                    "name": "vers:unknown/<0.7.6",
                                    "product_id": "CSAFPID-5810581"
                                }
                            }
                        ],
                        "category": "product_name",
                        "name": "zeptoclaw"
                    }
                ],
                "category": "vendor",
                "name": "qhkm"
            },
            {
                "branches": [
                    {
                        "branches": [
                            {
                                "category": "product_version_range",
                                "name": "vers:unknown/<=0.7.5",
                                "product": {
                                    "name": "vers:unknown/<=0.7.5",
                                    "product_id": "CSAFPID-5875140",
                                    "product_identification_helper": {
                                        "cpe": "cpe:2.3:a:zeptoclaw:zeptoclaw:*:*:*:*:*:rust:*:*"
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        ],
                        "category": "product_name",
                        "name": "zeptoclaw"
                    }
                ],
                "category": "vendor",
                "name": "zeptoclaw"
            }
        ]
    },
    "vulnerabilities": [
        {
            "cve": "CVE-2026-32231",
            "cwe": {
                "id": "CWE-306",
                "name": "Missing Authentication for Critical Function"
            },
            "notes": [
                {
                    "category": "description",
                    "text": "### Summary\nThe generic webhook channel trusts caller-supplied identity fields (`sender`, `chat_id`) from the request body and applies authorization checks to those untrusted values. Because authentication is optional and defaults to disabled (`auth_token: None`), an attacker who can reach `POST /webhook` can spoof an allowlisted sender and choose arbitrary `chat_id` values, enabling high-risk message spoofing and potential IDOR-style session/chat routing abuse.\n\n### Details\nRelevant code paths:\n\n- `src/channels/webhook.rs:121` sets runtime default `auth_token: None`.\n- `src/config/types.rs:910` also defaults webhook config `auth_token` to `None`.\n- `src/channels/webhook.rs:224` (`validate_auth`) explicitly allows requests when no token is configured.\n- `src/channels/webhook.rs:128` defines `WebhookPayload` with identity fields fully controlled by caller input:\n  - `sender: String`\n  - `chat_id: String`\n- `src/channels/webhook.rs:421` performs allowlist authorization using `payload.sender`.\n- `src/channels/webhook.rs:433` and `src/channels/webhook.rs:434` create `InboundMessage` using untrusted `payload.sender` and `payload.chat_id`.\n\nWhy this is vulnerable:\n\n- The system treats user-provided JSON identity as authoritative identity.\n- Allowlist enforcement does not verify sender authenticity beyond that payload value.\n- `chat_id` is also attacker-controlled, so routing/session association can be steered to arbitrary chats/conversations.\n- If the webhook is exposed without strong upstream authn/authz controls, spoofing is straightforward.\n\n### PoC\n1. Configure the webhook channel in a vulnerable posture (common default behavior):\n   - `enabled = true`\n   - `bind_address = \"0.0.0.0\"` (or any reachable interface)\n   - `port = 9876`\n   - `path = \"/webhook\"`\n   - `auth_token = null` (or omitted)\n   - `allow_from = [\"trusted-user-1\"]`\n   - `deny_by_default = true`\n2. Start ZeptoClaw.\n3. Send a forged request with attacker-chosen `sender` and `chat_id`, without any `Authorization` header:\n\n```bash\ncurl -i -X POST \"http://127.0.0.1:9876/webhook\" \\\n  -H \"Content-Type: application/json\" \\\n  --data '{\n    \"message\":\"FORGED: run privileged workflow\",\n    \"sender\":\"trusted-user-1\",\n    \"chat_id\":\"victim-chat-42\"\n  }'\n```\n\n4. Observe:\n   - Response is `HTTP/1.1 200 OK`.\n   - Message is accepted as if it originated from `trusted-user-1`.\n   - Message is routed under attacker-chosen `chat_id` (`victim-chat-42`).\n\n### Impact\n- Vulnerability type:\n  - Authentication/authorization bypass (identity spoofing)\n  - IDOR-style routing/control issue via attacker-chosen `chat_id`\n- Affected deployments:\n  - Any deployment exposing the generic webhook endpoint without strict upstream authentication and identity binding.\n- Security consequences:\n  - Forged inbound messages from spoofed trusted users.\n  - Bypass of allowlist intent by injecting allowlisted sender IDs in payload.\n  - Cross-chat/session contamination or hijacking by choosing arbitrary `chat_id`.\n  - Potential unauthorized downstream agent/tool actions triggered by malicious input.",
                    "title": "github - https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-46q5-g3j9-wx5c"
                },
                {
                    "category": "description",
                    "text": "ZeptoClaw is a personal AI assistant. Prior to 0.7.6, the generic webhook channel trusts caller-supplied identity fields (sender, chat_id) from the request body and applies authorization checks to those untrusted values. Because authentication is optional and defaults to disabled (auth_token: None), an attacker who can reach POST /webhook can spoof an allowlisted sender and choose arbitrary chat_id values, enabling high-risk message spoofing and potential IDOR-style session/chat routing abuse. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.7.6.",
                    "title": "cveprojectv5 - https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-32231"
                },
                {
                    "category": "description",
                    "text": "ZeptoClaw is a personal AI assistant. Prior to 0.7.6, the generic webhook channel trusts caller-supplied identity fields (sender, chat_id) from the request body and applies authorization checks to those untrusted values. Because authentication is optional and defaults to disabled (auth_token: None), an attacker who can reach POST /webhook can spoof an allowlisted sender and choose arbitrary chat_id values, enabling high-risk message spoofing and potential IDOR-style session/chat routing abuse. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.7.6.",
                    "title": "nvd - https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-32231"
                },
                {
                    "category": "description",
                    "text": "### Summary\nThe generic webhook channel trusts caller-supplied identity fields (`sender`, `chat_id`) from the request body and applies authorization checks to those untrusted values. Because authentication is optional and defaults to disabled (`auth_token: None`), an attacker who can reach `POST /webhook` can spoof an allowlisted sender and choose arbitrary `chat_id` values, enabling high-risk message spoofing and potential IDOR-style session/chat routing abuse.\n\n### Details\nRelevant code paths:\n\n- `src/channels/webhook.rs:121` sets runtime default `auth_token: None`.\n- `src/config/types.rs:910` also defaults webhook config `auth_token` to `None`.\n- `src/channels/webhook.rs:224` (`validate_auth`) explicitly allows requests when no token is configured.\n- `src/channels/webhook.rs:128` defines `WebhookPayload` with identity fields fully controlled by caller input:\n  - `sender: String`\n  - `chat_id: String`\n- `src/channels/webhook.rs:421` performs allowlist authorization using `payload.sender`.\n- `src/channels/webhook.rs:433` and `src/channels/webhook.rs:434` create `InboundMessage` using untrusted `payload.sender` and `payload.chat_id`.\n\nWhy this is vulnerable:\n\n- The system treats user-provided JSON identity as authoritative identity.\n- Allowlist enforcement does not verify sender authenticity beyond that payload value.\n- `chat_id` is also attacker-controlled, so routing/session association can be steered to arbitrary chats/conversations.\n- If the webhook is exposed without strong upstream authn/authz controls, spoofing is straightforward.\n\n### PoC\n1. Configure the webhook channel in a vulnerable posture (common default behavior):\n   - `enabled = true`\n   - `bind_address = \"0.0.0.0\"` (or any reachable interface)\n   - `port = 9876`\n   - `path = \"/webhook\"`\n   - `auth_token = null` (or omitted)\n   - `allow_from = [\"trusted-user-1\"]`\n   - `deny_by_default = true`\n2. Start ZeptoClaw.\n3. Send a forged request with attacker-chosen `sender` and `chat_id`, without any `Authorization` header:\n\n```bash\ncurl -i -X POST \"http://127.0.0.1:9876/webhook\" \\\n  -H \"Content-Type: application/json\" \\\n  --data '{\n    \"message\":\"FORGED: run privileged workflow\",\n    \"sender\":\"trusted-user-1\",\n    \"chat_id\":\"victim-chat-42\"\n  }'\n```\n\n4. Observe:\n   - Response is `HTTP/1.1 200 OK`.\n   - Message is accepted as if it originated from `trusted-user-1`.\n   - Message is routed under attacker-chosen `chat_id` (`victim-chat-42`).\n\n### Impact\n- Vulnerability type:\n  - Authentication/authorization bypass (identity spoofing)\n  - IDOR-style routing/control issue via attacker-chosen `chat_id`\n- Affected deployments:\n  - Any deployment exposing the generic webhook endpoint without strict upstream authentication and identity binding.\n- Security consequences:\n  - Forged inbound messages from spoofed trusted users.\n  - Bypass of allowlist intent by injecting allowlisted sender IDs in payload.\n  - Cross-chat/session contamination or hijacking by choosing arbitrary `chat_id`.\n  - Potential unauthorized downstream agent/tool actions triggered by malicious input.",
                    "title": "github - https://api.github.com/advisories/GHSA-46q5-g3j9-wx5c"
                },
                {
                    "category": "description",
                    "text": "ZeptoClaw is a personal AI assistant. Prior to 0.7.6, the generic webhook channel trusts caller-supplied identity fields (sender, chat_id) from the request body and applies authorization checks to those untrusted values. Because authentication is optional and defaults to disabled (auth_token: None), an attacker who can reach POST /webhook can spoof an allowlisted sender and choose arbitrary chat_id values, enabling high-risk message spoofing and potential IDOR-style session/chat routing abuse. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.7.6.",
                    "title": "nvd - https://services.nvd.nist.gov/rest/json/cves/2.0?cveId=CVE-2026-32231"
                },
                {
                    "category": "other",
                    "text": "0.00028",
                    "title": "EPSS"
                },
                {
                    "category": "other",
                    "text": "3.8",
                    "title": "NCSC Score"
                },
                {
                    "category": "other",
                    "text": "Exploit code publicly available, There is exploit data available from source Nvd",
                    "title": "NCSC Score top decreasing factors"
                }
            ],
            "product_status": {
                "known_affected": [
                    "CSAFPID-5810581",
                    "CSAFPID-5875140"
                ]
            },
            "references": [
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Source - github",
                    "url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-46q5-g3j9-wx5c"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Source raw - github",
                    "url": "https://api.github.com/advisories/GHSA-46q5-g3j9-wx5c"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Source - cveprojectv5",
                    "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-32231"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Source raw - cveprojectv5",
                    "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/main/cves/2026/32xxx/CVE-2026-32231.json"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Source - nvd",
                    "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-32231"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Source raw - nvd",
                    "url": "https://services.nvd.nist.gov/rest/json/cves/2.0?cveId=CVE-2026-32231"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Source - first",
                    "url": "https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2026-32231"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Source raw - first",
                    "url": "https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?limit=10000&offset=0"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Source - github",
                    "url": "https://api.github.com/advisories/GHSA-46q5-g3j9-wx5c"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Source - first",
                    "url": "https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?limit=10000&offset=0"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Source - nvd",
                    "url": "https://services.nvd.nist.gov/rest/json/cves/2.0?cveId=CVE-2026-32231"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - cveprojectv5; github; nvd",
                    "url": "https://github.com/qhkm/zeptoclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-46q5-g3j9-wx5c"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - cveprojectv5; github; nvd",
                    "url": "https://github.com/qhkm/zeptoclaw/pull/324"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - cveprojectv5; github; nvd",
                    "url": "https://github.com/qhkm/zeptoclaw/commit/bf004a20d3687a0c1a9e052ec79536e30d6de134"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - cveprojectv5; github; nvd",
                    "url": "https://github.com/qhkm/zeptoclaw/releases/tag/v0.7.6"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - github",
                    "url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-46q5-g3j9-wx5c"
                },
                {
                    "category": "external",
                    "summary": "Reference - github",
                    "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-32231"
                }
            ],
            "scores": [
                {
                    "cvss_v3": {
                        "version": "3.1",
                        "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:N",
                        "baseScore": 8.2,
                        "baseSeverity": "HIGH"
                    },
                    "products": [
                        "CSAFPID-5810581",
                        "CSAFPID-5875140"
                    ]
                }
            ],
            "title": "CVE-2026-32231"
        }
    ]
}